Table 25. Comparison of Estimates of Federal Financial Interventions and Subsidies 
in Energy Markets: Values for Corresponding Categories From the 1992 and 1999 EIA Reports

Subsidy Category 1992 Estimate (Million 1992 Dollars) 1992 Estimate (Million 1999 Dollars) 1999 Estimate (Million 1999 Dollars)
Direct Expenditures
Renewable Energy Production Incentive NI NI 4
Synthetic Fuel Subsidies 72 82 aNI
Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program 1,500 1,712 1,255
DOE Conservation (Weatherization and State Energy) 262 299 166
Subtotal (Direct Expenditures) 1,834 2,093 1,425
Tax Expenditures
Capital Gains Treatment of Royalties in Coal 10 11 85
Expensing of Exploration and Development Costs -55 -63 -90
Exception From Passive Loss Limitation for Working Interests in Oil and Gas Properties 100 114 35
Enhanced Oil Recovery bNI bNI 245
Expensing of Tertiary Injectants 20 23 aNI
Alternative Fuel Production Credit 670 764 1,030
New Technology Credit 65 74 40
Alcohol Fuel Credit 80 91 15
Excess of Percentage Over Cost Depletion 1,025 1,170 295
Exclusion of Interest Income on Bonds for Certain Energy Facilities 185 211 155
Exclusion for Utility-Sponsored Conservation Measures NI NI 110
Credit, Deduction for Clean Fuel Vehicles NI NI 105
Subtotal (Income Taxes) 2,100 2,396 2,026
Excise Taxes 460 525 725
Subtotal (Tax Expenditures) 2,560 2,921 2,751
Research and Development
Nuclear Power
New Nuclear Plants 122 139 30
Waste/Fuel/Safety 620 707 467
Unallocated 148 169 143
Subtotal (Nuclear Power) 890 1,015 640
Coal
Preparation/Mining 81 93 cNI
Coal Conversion 51 58 dNI
Power Generation 148 168 eNI
Clean Coal Technology Program 415 474 183
Interagency National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program 31 35 aNI
Advanced Clean Efficient Power Systems cNI cNI f88
Advanced Clean Fuels dNI dNI g16
Advanced Research and Technology Development eNI eNI h20
Unallocated 79 90 97
Subtotal (Coal) 804 918 404
Other Fossil Energy
Oil 51 59 49
Natural Gas 13 14 115
Shale Oil 6 7 aNI
U.S. Geological Survey Energy Research and Development 26 30 aNI
Subtotal (Other Fossil Energy) 96 109 164
Electricity
Advanced Turbine Systems/IRPi 5 5 33
Subtotal (Electricity, Primary Energy) 5 5 33
Renewable Energy
Photovoltaic/Wind/Other Solar 137 156 134
Biomass 21 24 96
Geothermal 27 31 29
Hydroelectric 1 1 3
Electricity Technologies 38 43 44
Unallocated 19 22 22
Subtotal (Renewable Energy) 244 277 327
End Use
Building Technology, State and Community Programs 45 51 81
Industry 97 110 133
Transportation 109 125 202
Unallocated 3 3 38
Federal Energy Management Program Adjustmentj -4 -5 NA
Subtotal (End Use) 250 285 454
Clean Coal Technology Adjustmentk -253 -289 --
Subtotal (Research and Development including Clean Coal Technology) 2,036 2,321 2,022
Total 6,430 7,335 6,198

aProgram terminated.
 bIntroduced in 1992 but not reported in the Federal budget until 1994.
 cReclassified as Advanced Research and Technology Development.
 dReclassified as Advanced Clean Fuels.
 eReclassified as Advanced Clean and Efficient Power Systems.
 fReplaces Power Generation category from 1992 EIA report.
 gReplaces Coal Conversion category from 1992 EIA report.
 hReplaces Preparation/Mining category from 1992 EIA report.
 iUtility R&D for Integrated Resource Planning in 1992 budget documents.
 jFEMP was not itemized separately in 1992 budget documents. It has been removed in this report.
 kValue of appropriations from 1992 EIA report (1992) and value of outlays from September 1999 EIA report.
 NI = not included. NA = not available.
 Note: Subtotals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
 Sources: Energy Information Administration, Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets, SR/EMEU/92-02 (Washington, DC, November 1992); Federal Financial Interventions and Subsidies in Energy Markets 1999: Primary Energy, SR/OIAF/99-03 (Washington, DC, September 1999); and estimates presented in this report.

Summary of Results

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File last modified: July 10, 2000

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