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Analysis
of Strategies for Reducing Multiple Emissions from Power Plants:
Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, and Carbon Dioxide
Table 23. Key
Projections for Integrated Emission Reduction Cases in
Four Multi-Emission Reduction Studies, 2005 and 2010 (Continued)
|
Projection |
EPRI |
ELI |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Business As Usual |
Current Policy Direction |
Carbon Glide |
|
50% Coal Reduction |
|
|
2005 Projections |
|||||
|
CO2
Emissions |
620 |
588 |
581 |
652 |
558 |
|
Carbon
Allowance Fee |
0 |
12 |
25 |
NA |
NA |
|
NOx Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
179 |
133 |
149 |
NA |
NA |
|
SO2 Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
12 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
NA |
|
Coal-Fired Capacity (Gigawatts) |
303 |
286 |
290 |
319 |
308 |
|
Electricity Generation by Fuel (Billion Kilowatthours) |
|||||
|
Coal |
2,052 |
1,874 |
1,854 |
1,770 |
1,327 |
|
Natural Gas |
838 |
985 |
971 |
1,056 |
1,288 |
|
Nuclear |
627 |
661 |
661 |
670 |
673 |
|
Renewablesb |
61 |
64 |
63 |
35 |
63 |
|
Natural Gas Wellhead Price (1999 Dollars per Million Btu) |
2.41 |
2.51 |
2.48 |
NA |
NA |
|
Coal Minemouth Price (1999 Dollars per Ton) |
15.39 |
15.12 |
15.24 |
NA |
NA |
|
Electricity Demand (Billion Kilowatthours) |
3,578 |
3,577 |
3,541 |
3,863 |
3,690 |
|
Electricity Price (1999 Cents per Kilowatthour) |
6.5 |
6.6 |
6.9 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
|
SO2 Emissions (Million Tons) |
10.5 |
10.4 |
10.2 |
10.1 |
7.7 |
|
NOx Emissions (Million Tons) |
3.99 |
3.92 |
3.85 |
5.52 |
4.43 |
|
2010 Projections |
|||||
|
CO2
Emissions |
657 |
399 |
482 |
671 |
499 |
|
Carbon
Allowance Fee |
0 |
116 |
56 |
NA |
NA |
|
NOx Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
185 |
133 |
149 |
NA |
NA |
|
SO2 Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
18 |
0 |
0 |
NA |
NA |
|
Coal-Fired Capacity (Gigawatts) |
305 |
269 |
276 |
321 |
293 |
|
Electricity Generation by Fuel (Billion Kilowatthours) |
|||||
|
Coal |
2,096 |
854 |
1,251 |
1,805 |
889 |
|
Natural Gas |
1,175 |
1,943 |
1,690 |
1,267 |
2,061 |
|
Nuclear |
551 |
623 |
623 |
683 |
685 |
|
Renewablesb |
66 |
157 |
208 |
39 |
92 |
|
Natural Gas Wellhead Price (1999 Dollars per Million Btu) |
2.61 |
3.30 |
2.93 |
3.37 |
4.09 |
|
Coal Minemouth Price (1999 Dollars per Ton) |
14.47 |
16.13 |
15.43 |
NA |
NA |
|
Electricity Demand (Billion Kilowatthours) |
3,859 |
3,587 |
3,732 |
4,121 |
4,051 |
|
Electricity Price (1999 Cents per Kilowatthour) |
6.1 |
8.4 |
7.2 |
6.1 |
6.8 |
|
SO2 Emissions (Million Tons) |
9.2 |
4.5 |
4.4 |
9.0 |
4.4 |
|
NOx Emissions (Million Tons) |
9.23 |
2.26 |
2.86 |
5.52 |
3.30 |