Analysis of Strategies with Policies from Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future

30 Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future, ORNL/CON-476 and LBNL-44029 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, November 2000), web site www.ornl.gov/ORNL/ Energy_Eff/CEFOnep.pdf.

31 Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2001, DOE/EIA-0383(2001)(Washington, DC, December 2000), web site www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.html.

32 At this time, emissions limits on cogenerators are not represented.

33 Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future, ORNL/CON-476 and LBNL-44029 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, November 2000), web site www.ornl.gov/ORNL/ Energy_Eff/CEFOnep.pdf.

34 Energy Information Administration, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 1990 and 1997, DOE/EIA-0321.

35 Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2001, DOE/EIA-0383(2001)(Washington, DC, December 2000), pp. 216-217. Because energy investments for shell improvements are not computable, energy savings from these improvements have been removed from the best available technology case to allow for a comparison of the best available technology case in AEO2001 and the CEF advanced case.

36 A. Hinge, M. Suozzo, T. Jones, D. Korn, and C. Peverell, Market Transformation for Dry-Type Distribution Transformers: The Opportunity and the Challenges, Proceedings of the 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings/6.191 (Washington, DC; American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, August 2000).

37 Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future, ORNL/CON-476 and LBNL-44029 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, November 2000), Appendix A1, pp. A-1.14 and A-1.16, web site www.ornl.gov/ORNL/Energy_Eff/CEF-A1.pdf.

38 Ibid.

39 Ibid., p. A-1.13.

40 Interlaboratory Working Group, Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future, ORNL/CON-476 and LBNL-44029 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, November 2000), Appendix B-2, web site www.ornl.gov/ORNL/Energy_Eff/CEF-B2.pdf.

41 Energy Information Administration, NEMS Industrial Model: Modeling Energy Efficiency Standards for Boilers and Motors (Arthur D. Little, Inc., April 1995), and web site www.oit.doe.gov/factsheets/steam_challenge/pdfs/boiler.pdf.

42 Energy Information Administration, Outlook for Biomass Ethanol and Production and Demand (Washington, DC, April 2000), web site www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/biomass.html.

43 MTBE is a widely used gasoline blending component, initially added as an octane enhancer and now used to meet oxygen requirements in reformulated gasoline. There are now concerns about MTBE contamination of water supplies.

44 Overnight costs are the costs of a new generating unit without including interest charges, contingencies, and overruns. Thus, they represent the costs if the unit could be built “overnight.”

45 Vision 21 is the research and development program for advanced coal and natural gas generating technologies.

46 Energy Information Administration, Impacts of the Kyoto Protocol on U.S. Energy Markets and Economic Activity, SR/OIAF/98-03 (Washington, DC, October 1998), web site www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/kyoto/kyotorpt.html.