Table 35. Comparison of Key Mercury Emission Reduction Results
|
Item |
EIA |
EPA |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reference |
Hg 20-Ton (60% Hg Reduction by 2008) |
Integrated NOX, SO2, CO2 1990-7%, Hg (90% Hg Reduction by 2008) |
Hg MACT 90% |
Reference |
65% Hg Reduction, Cap and Trade |
65% Hg Cap and 50% SO2 by 2010 |
65% Hg Cap, 50% SO2, 515 Carbon with High Efficiency |
65% MACT |
|
|
2007 Projections |
|||||||||
|
Coal-Fired Capacity (Gigawatts) |
319 |
317 |
303 |
317 |
303 |
304 |
303 |
302 |
305 |
|
NOx Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
118 |
118 |
150 |
118 |
199 |
192 |
191 |
189 |
192 |
|
SO2 Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
7 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
4 |
8 |
79 |
51 |
5 |
|
Hg Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
270 |
245 |
250 |
303 |
|
Electricity Generation by Fuel (Billion Kilowatthours) |
|||||||||
|
Coal |
2,220 |
2,207 |
1,653 |
2,212 |
2,091 |
2,080 |
2,043 |
2,011 |
2,085 |
|
Natural Gas |
916 |
927 |
1,211 |
921 |
626 |
637 |
673 |
565 |
631 |
|
Nuclear |
738 |
738 |
742 |
738 |
613 |
613 |
613 |
613 |
613 |
|
Nonhydroelectric Renewables |
119 |
119 |
228 |
120 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
|
Natural Gas Wellhead Price |
2.88 |
2.88 |
2.98 |
2.88 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Coal Minemouth Price (1999 Dollars per Ton) |
14.74 |
14.86 |
14.03 |
14.74 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Electricity Price (1999 Cents per Kilowatthour) |
6.2 |
6.3 |
7.7 |
6.2 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Electricity Demand (Billion Kilowatthours) |
3,936 |
3,935 |
3,765 |
3,936 |
3,690 |
3,690 |
3,690 |
3,550 |
3,690 |
|
SO2 Emissions (Million Tons) |
10.1 |
10.1 |
6.4 |
10.1 |
10.9 |
10.5 |
5.4 |
6.5 |
10.5 |
|
NOx Emissions (Million Tons) |
4.30 |
3.44 |
2.04 |
3.43 |
4.25 |
4.25 |
4.20 |
4.09 |
4.25 |
|
Hg Emissions (Tons) |
45.3 |
45.1 |
31.1 |
45.2 |
52.0 |
18.0 |
16.0 |
16.3 |
18.0 |
|
CO2 Emissions (Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent) |
662 |
661 |
516 |
662 |
615 |
613 |
609 |
587 |
614 |
|
CO2 Allowance Price (1999 Dollars per Metric Ton Carbon Equivalent) |
0 |
0 |
82 |
0 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
SO2 Allowance Price (1999 Dollars per Ton) |
182 |
180 |
179 |
185 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
2010 Projections |
|||||||||
|
Coal-Fired Capacity (Gigawatts) |
327 |
323 |
277 |
324 |
303 |
304 |
301 |
284 |
304 |
|
NOx Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
119 |
118 |
177 |
119 |
209 |
192 |
190 |
181 |
193 |
|
SO2 Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
7 |
43 |
21 |
27 |
6 |
8 |
87 |
50 |
8 |
|
Hg Retrofits (Gigawatts) |
0 |
72 |
105 |
356 |
0 |
271 |
251 |
249 |
302 |
|
Electricity Generation by Fuel (Billion Kilowatthours) |
|||||||||
|
Coal |
2,297 |
2,237 |
1,113 |
2,266 |
2,114 |
2,073 |
2,006 |
1,681 |
2,099 |
|
Natural Gas |
1,085 |
1,133 |
1,889 |
1,115 |
759 |
799 |
866 |
949 |
774 |
|
Nuclear |
725 |
725 |
741 |
725 |
580 |
580 |
580 |
580 |
580 |
|
Nonhydroelectric Renewables |
136 |
133 |
236 |
131 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
61 |
|
Natural Gas Wellhead Price |
2.87 |
2.90 |
3.66 |
2.89 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Coal Minemouth Price (1999 Dollars per Ton) |
14.08 |
15.09 |
14.38 |
14.25 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Electricity Price (1999 Cents per Kilowatthour) |
6.1 |
6.2 |
8.4 |
6.2 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Electricity Demand (Billion Kilowatthours) |
4,147 |
4,132 |
3,851 |
4,140 |
3,809 |
3,809 |
3,809 |
3,568 |
3,809 |
|
SO2 Emissions (Million Tons) |
9.7 |
9.7 |
3.2 |
9.7 |
9.7 |
9.8 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
9.7 |
|
NOx Emissions (Million Tons) |
4.34 |
3.42 |
1.26 |
3.44 |
4.15 |
4.07 |
3.94 |
3.21 |
4.12 |
|
Hg Emissions (Tons) |
45.6 |
20.0 |
5.0 |
8.0 |
50.9 |
17.5 |
15.1 |
12.8 |
17.6 |
|
CO2 Emissions (Million Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent) |
693 |
684 |
434 |
690 |
621 |
612 |
603 |
518 |
617 |
|
CO2 Allowance Price (1999 Dollars per Metric Ton Carbon Equivalent) |
0 |
0 |
120 |
0 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
SO2 Allowance Price (1999 Dollars per Ton) |
187 |
0 |
0 |
114 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
Incremental Costs (Billion 1999 Dollars) |
0.0 |
1.7 |
23.2 |
5.9 |
0.0 |
2.1 |
5.2 |
6.3 |
2.3 |
|
NA = not available. Note: Because Hg retrofits can include both fabric filters and spray coolers, retrofitted capacity may exceed total coal-fired capacity. Sources: EIA: National Energy Modeling System runs M2BASE.D060801A, M2M6008.D060801A, M2P7B08.D060801A, and M2M9008M.D060801A. EPA: 1999 Integrated Planning Model runs HgIPM9c, Hgtrading1d, Hgtrading2d, Hgtrading3d, and HgMact1d. |
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