[1]  Energy Information Administration, Impacts of the Kyoto Protocol on U.S. Energy Markets and Economic Activity, SR/OIAF/98-03 (Washington, DC, October 1998).

[2]  Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Community, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America. Turkey and Belarus are Annex I nations that have not ratified the Framework Convention and did not commit to quantifiable emissions targets.

[3]  Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1997, DOE/EIA-0573(97) (Washington, DC, October 1998).

Figure ES1.  Projected Carbon Prices in the 1990+24%, 1990+9%, and 1990-7% Early Start and 2005 Start Cases, 1998-2020.  Sources:  National Energy Modeling system runs FD24ABV.D080398B, EARLY24.D052099A, FD09ABV.D080398B, EARLY09.D053199A, FD07BLW.D080398B, and EARLY07.D052199A.

Figure ES2.  Projected Dollar Losses in Potential Gross Domestic Product in the 1990+9% and 1990+9% Early Start Start Cases, 1998-2020.  Source:  Simulations of the Data Resources, Inc. (DRI) Macroeconomic Model of the U.S. Economy.

Figure ES3.  Projected Dollar Losses in Actual Gross Domestic Product in the 1990+24%, and 1990+9%, and 1990-7% Early Start and 2005 Start Cases, 1998-2020.  Source:  Simulations of the Data Resources, Inc. (DRI) Macroeconomic Model of the U.S. Economy.