Reference Notes

Chapter 2: Energy Consumption by End-Use Sector

1.  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Light Truck Average Fuel Economy Standards, Model Years 2005-2007, 49 CFR Part 533 [Docket No. 2002-11419; Notice 3], RIN 2127-AI70 (Washington, DC, April 2003), web site www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ cars/rules/rulings/CAFE05-07/Index.html. 

2.  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Press Release, “New Light Truck Economy Standards To Save 10.7 Billion Gallons of Fuel, Include Largest SUVs for First Time Ever, Transportation Secretary Mineta Announces,” DOT 46-06 (March 29, 2006), web site www.nhtsa.dot.gov. 

3.  FACTS Inc., Asia-Pacific Databook 1: Supply, Demand and Prices (Honolulu, HI, Fall 2003), p. 3, web site www.factsinc.net/products/databooks.shtml.

4.  S.C. Davis and S.W. Diegel, Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 24, ORNL-6973 (Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December 2004), Tables 3.1 and 3.2, web site http://cta.ornl.gov/ data/Index.shtml.

5.  International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2004 (Paris, France, October 2004), web site www. worldenergyoutlook.org.

6.  World Markets Research Centre, “Automotive Sector Analysis: India and China” (October 18, 2004), web site www.wmrc.com.

Chapter 3: World Oil Markets

1.  Energy Information Administration, Short-Term Energy Outlook, April 2006 on-line version, web site www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/.

2.  “Worldwide Look at Reserves and Production,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (December 19, 2005), pp. 24-25. 

3.  World Oil, Vol. 226, No. 9 (September 2005). 

4.  Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin 2004, Table 10, “World Proven Crude Oil Reserves by Region, 1969-2004” (Vienna, Austria, 2005), p. 18. 

5.  BP, Statistical Review of World Energy (London, UK, June 2005), p. 4. 

6.  J.W. Schmoker and T.R. Klett, “Chapter RG: Estimating Potential Reserve Growth of Known (Discovered) Fields: A Component of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000,” in U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60, web site http://energy.cr. usgs.gov/WEcont/chaps/RG.pdf. 

7.  International Energy Agency, Oil Market Report (Paris, France, May 2006), p. 14, web site http:// omrpublic.iea.org/. 

8.  Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 2003 (May-July 2005), web site www.eia.doe.gov/iea/. 

9.  T. Murray, “Pemex To Fund Increased Share of Capital Spending from Operating Cashflow,” The Oil Daily, Vol. 56, No. 100 (May 25, 2006), p. 4. 

10.  Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, DOE/EIA-0383(2006) (Washington, DC, February 2006), p. 33. 

11.  Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, DOE/EIA-0383(2006) (Washington, DC, February 2006), p. 33.

Chapter 4: Natural Gas 

1.  “Worldwide Look at Reserves and Production,” Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (December 19, 2005), pp. 24-25. 

2.  BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2005 (London, UK, June 2005), p. 20. 

3.  “Gazprom, Gaz de France Swap Pipeline Gas for LNG Cargo,” LNG Express, Vol. 15, No. 23 (December 1, 2005), p. 13. 

4.  FACTS Inc., “China’s LNG Imports: Delayed Terminal Projects and a Less Bullish Demand Outlook,” China Energy Series: Gas Edition, No. 4 (January 2006), pp. 1, 4; and “India Struggles with LNG Imports; Hazira, Ratnagiri Seek New Supplies,” LNG Express, Vol. 16, No. 4 (February 15, 2006), pp. 3-4. 

5. “Northern South America Takes First Step Towards Gas Pipeline Integration,” Platt’s International Gas Report, No. 535 (November 4, 2005), p. 17.

Chapter 5: World Coal Markets

1. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 1989, DOE/EIA-0219(89) (Washington, DC, February 1991), Table 36; and EIA, International Energy Annual 2001, DOE/EIA-0219(2001) (Washington, DC, March 2003), Table 8.2.

2. World Energy Council, 2004 Survey of Energy Sources, 20th Edition (London, UK, December 2004), pp. 22-23.

3. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2003, web site www.eia.doe.gov/ iea/ (May-July 2005), Table 2.5.

4. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review, February 2006, DOE/EIA-0035 (2006/02) (Washington, DC, February 23, 2006), Table A5; and EIA, Coal Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System, Model Documentation 2005, DOE/EIA-M060(2005) (Washington, DC, April 2005), p. 64.

5. International Energy Agency, Coal Information 2005 (Paris, France, August 2005), p. II.23.

6. Ontario Ministry of Energy, “Electricity Information,” web site www.energy.gov.on.ca (accessed March 13, 2006); S. Hooks, Platts Coal Trader (January 25, 2006); and B. Meadows, “Coal Plants Toast,” The Chronicle Journal (June 16, 2005), web site www. chroniclejournal.com.

7. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2003, web site www.eia.doe.gov/iea (May-July 2005), Table 5.4; and International Energy Agency, Databases for the Coal Information 2005, web site http://data.iea.org.

8. V. Eckert, “German Generators Turn to Coal as Gas Prices Soar” (Reuters, February 6, 2006), web site http://today.reuters.com; and “At Least Ten New Coal Plants Planned in Germany,” McCloskey’s Coal Report, No. 127 (January 27, 2006), pp. 22-23.

9. SSY Consultancy and Research Ltd., SSY’s Coal Trade Forecast, Vol. 14 No. 3 (London, United Kingdom, September 2005).

10. C. Bergesen, “Platts UDI Country Profile: South Korea,“ Platts (February 10, 2005), web site www.platts.com; “South Korea’s Power Industry Has Been Restructured,” Power Engineering International, Vol. 13, No. 3 (March 1, 2005); Korea Midland Power Company, Ltd., “Nationwide Construction Status (As of the end of May 2005),” web site www.komipo.co.kr; “S Korea Posco To Liquidate Posenergy Unit,” Dow Jones International News (May 27, 2001); Korea South-East Power Company, Ltd., web site www.kosep.co.kr; and “Korea: 5th Long-Term Power Development Plan,” International Market Insight Reports (February 10, 2000).

11. Web site www.worldsteel.org.

12. Economic and Commercial Section of the Consulate General of the People’s Republic of China in Kuching, “Coal-to-Oil Project To Ease Energy Bottleneck” (November 18, 2005), web site http://kuching2.mofcom.gov.cn; Theo L.K. Lee, “Coal Liquefaction Technologies-Direct and Indirect Routes,” presentation at APEC Clean Fossil Energy Technical and Policy Seminar (Cebu City, Philippines, January 26-28, 2005), web site www. apec-egcfe.org; and E. Ganter, “Sasol Overview and Strategic Drivers,” presentation at the Credit Suisse First Boston Global Oil & Gas Conference (London, United Kingdom, June 8, 2005), web site www. sasol.com.

13. Government of India, Central Electricity Authority, Monthly Report On Broad Status of Thermal Power Projects in the Country (December 2005), web site www. cea.nic.in (accessed March 1, 2006); Government of India, Central Electricity Authority, 11th Plan Shelf of Thermal Power Projects, web site www.cea.nic.in (accessed March 1, 2006).

14. A. Airy and S. Narayan, “IOC Plans First Commercial Coal-to-Liquid Project,” The Financial Express (April 13, 2006), web site www.financialexpress. com; and Global Insight, “India: Sasol Targets India’s CTL Potential” (March 7, 2006), web site http://myinsight.globalinsight.com.

15. N. Chatterjee, “World May Turn Back Clock for Liquid Coal Future,” Reuters (April 21, 2006), web site http://today.reuters.com; and Global Insight, “Indonesia: Sasol Eyeing CTL Partnership With Bumi Resources in Indonesia” (March 22, 2006), web site http://myinsight.globalinsight.com.

16. Commission of the European Communities, Commission Staff Working Paper—Energy Dialogue with Russia, Update on Progress, SEC(2004)114 (Brussels, Belgium, January 28, 2004), pp. 37-57, web site www. europa.eu.int.

17. “EiEE New/Repowering Generation Project Tracker—September 2005,” Energy in East Europe, No. 72 (September 16, 2005), pp. 9-39.

18. “Erwin Writes on Power-Generation Challenges,” Creamer Media’s Mining Weekly (February 23, 2006), web site www.miningweekly.co.za; M. Faniso, “Eskom Signs R1.8bn Deal With Siemens,” Business Report (July 22, 2005), web site www.eskom.co.za; World Markets Research Centre, “South Africa: Eskom Recommissions Mothballed Power Plants To Boost Supplies” (May 10, 2005), web site www.worldmarketsanalysis.com; and IEA Coal Research, CoalPower5 Database (2005).

19. P. Nyakazeya, “Rio Tinto Seeks Partners for Sengwa Coal Project,” The Herald (Harare) (April 5, 2005), web site www.allafrica.com; “Tanzania Now To Pay $2.5m Monthly to Songas,” LiquidAfrica Holding Limited (June 11, 2004); C. Baputaki, “Makwinja Takes Over as MCL Board Chair,” Mmegi/The Reporter (Gaborone) (April 29, 2005), web site www.allafrica.com; and “Swaziland: Plans To Expand Power Production,” UN Integrated Regional Information Networks (May 4, 2005), web site www.allafrica.com.

20. E. van de Venter, “Sasol Coal-to-Liquids Developments,” presentation at Gasification Technologies Council Conference (San Francisco, CA, October 10-12, 2005), web site www.gasification.org.

21. Web site www.worldsteel.org; and Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2003, web site www.eia.doe.gov/iea/ (May-July 2005), Table 1.4.

22. “Brazilian Mills Plan To Raise Capacity by 30%,” Steel Business Briefing (September 21, 2004), web site www.steelbb.com; and “Brazil Steel Sector To Invest $8.0 Bln in Capacity Expansion by 2009,” Portuguese News Digest (August 21, 2003).

23. “Aneel Approves Transfer of Coal-Fired Project to Eleja,” Business News Americas (April 29, 2005); “Czech Republic Eyes Brazil Rio Grande do Sul Energy Sector,” Latin America News Digest (March 22, 2005); “Rio Grande do Sul To Hold Referendum on 650MW Coal Project,” Business News Americas (December 7, 2004); and “Rio Grande do Sul: US$5bn To Double Capacity by 2010,” Business News Americas (May 24, 2004).

24. The State of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Queensland’s Ports (October 2005), pp. 16-17, web site www.nrm.qld.gov.au/ mines/coal/rail_ports.html.

25. “Richards Bay To grow to 92 mt/yr,” McCloskey’s Coal Report, No. 123 (November 11, 2005), p. 1.

26. “Venezuela Moves on Socuy and Cape Port,” McCloskey’s Coal Report, Issue 117, (August 19, 2005) p. 23.

27. H. Nam, “A New and Improved Coal Development Plan,” Vietnam Economic News (February 23, 2006), web site www.ven.org.vn.

28. “Dominion Announces 7 mt/yr Import Terminal,” McCloskey’s Coal Report, No. 25 (December 9, 2005), p. 1.

29. Energy Information Administration, National Energy Modeling System, run IEO2006.D041306A.

Chapter 6: Electricity

1. Global Insight World Markets Research Centre, “Country Report—Mexico (Energy) Utilities: Electricity and Gas” (February 09, 2006), web site www. worldmarketsanalysis.com.

2. The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, “Special Report: China Rising” (October 4, 2005), web site www. pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/july-dec05/china_10- 04.html.

3. Marketplace, American Public Media, “Special Report on China” (January 9-20, 2006), web site http://marketplace.publicradio.org/features/ china2006/.

4. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, DOE/EIA-0383(2006) (Washington, DC, February 2006), p. 80.

5. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, DOE/EIA-0383(2006) (Washington, DC, February 2006), p. 80.

6. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2006, DOE/EIA-0383(2006) (Washington, DC, February 2006), p. 7.

7. “La Meme Plus Grande Centrale Hydro-electrique de Chine Sera Mise en Service en 2007,” Xinhua News Release, web site www.xinhuanet.com (March 12, 2005).

8. “Nam Ngum-II Project Advances,” Platts: Power in Asia, No. 447 (February 16, 2006), p. 13; “Song Da Advances Projects,” Platts: Power in Asia, No. 447 (February 16, 2006), p. 13; and “Bhel Wins Hydro Project,” Platts: Power in Asia, No. 446 (February 2, 2006), p. 8.

9. Wind Energy Weekly, Vol. 25, No. 1179 (February 17, 2006), p. 2.

10. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2004 (Paris, France, October 2004), p. 36.

Chapter 7: Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions

1. C. Holly, “Canada Unveils Kyoto Compliance Plan,” The Energy Daily, Vol. 33, No. 74 (April 20, 2005), pp. 1 and 4; and Government of Canada, Project Green: Moving Forward on Climate Change (Ottawa, Canada, April 2005), web site www. climatechange.gc.ca/kyoto_commitments/ report_e.pdf.

2. European Commission, “Emissions Trading: Commission Sets Out Guidance on National Allocations for 2008-2012,” Press Release (January 9, 2006), web site http://europa.eu.int/press_room/index_en. htm, Reference Number IP/06/9.

3. Q. Schiermeier, “Europe Fails on Carbon Limits: Industry Emitted Less Than Allowed in 2005; But That Isn’t Good News,” news@nature.com (May 15, 2006), web site www.nature.com/news/.

4. H. Yamagata, “Japan’s Climate Change Policy and Kyoto Mechanisms.” Presentation at the Climate Policy in the U.S. and Japan: Prospects in 2005 and Beyond workshop (Tokyo, Japan, May 11-12, 2005), sponsored by Resources for the Future, web site www.rff.org/rff/Events/conferences.