Supplement Tables to the Annual Energy Outlook 2003

Table 89. Renewable Energy Generation by Fuel
United States

                                                      2001-
Fuels 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2025
                                                       
Electric Power Sector 1/                                                      
                                                       
Generating Capacity                                                      
(gigawatts)                                                      
Conventional Hydropower
78.23
78.36
78.53
78.65
78.74
78.80
78.94
78.94
78.94
78.94
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
78.92
0.0%
Geothermal 2/
2.85
2.86
2.86
2.87
2.83
3.03
3.13
3.32
3.39
3.46
3.54
3.70
3.74
3.87
3.97
4.08
4.26
4.31
4.41
4.67
5.00
5.12
5.20
5.27
5.46
5.64
2.9%
Municipal Solid Waste 3/
3.10
3.25
3.41
3.50
3.53
3.78
3.83
3.86
3.90
3.98
4.03
4.07
4.11
4.15
4.18
4.22
4.26
4.28
4.31
4.34
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.37
1.2%
Wood and Other Biomass 4/
1.67
1.77
1.84
1.87
1.94
2.01
2.03
2.05
2.05
2.07
2.07
2.09
2.10
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.32
2.42
2.60
2.78
1.9%
Solar Thermal
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.50
1.7%
Solar Photovoltaic 5/
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
13.9%
Wind
2.45
4.29
4.99
6.75
6.75
7.24
7.58
7.85
7.95
8.38
8.47
8.73
8.93
9.34
9.64
10.06
10.20
10.55
10.61
10.91
11.05
11.29
11.43
11.76
11.86
12.00
4.4%
Total
88.64
90.88
91.99
93.99
94.15
95.33
95.99
96.51
96.74
97.36
97.57
98.05
98.37
98.98
99.46
100.05
100.44
100.89
101.11
101.73
102.25
102.63
103.01
103.54
104.04
104.56
0.6%
                                                       
Electricity Generation                                                      
(billion kilowatthours)                                                      
Conventional Hydropower
271.03
213.82
258.56
296.29
301.62
301.73
302.08
302.19
302.08
302.01
301.85
301.66
301.58
301.53
301.47
301.37
301.30
301.22
301.17
301.08
301.01
301.06
301.12
301.18
301.24
301.30
1.4%
Geothermal 2/
14.09
13.81
13.78
13.85
13.97
15.31
16.44
17.81
18.63
19.16
19.81
20.98
21.42
22.54
23.45
24.33
25.71
26.11
27.09
29.18
31.78
32.70
33.41
34.08
35.48
36.92
4.2%
Municipal Solid Waste 3/
17.46
16.98
22.33
23.15
23.46
25.43
25.81
26.05
26.30
26.98
27.30
27.62
27.89
28.15
28.42
28.68
28.95
29.16
29.36
29.56
29.76
29.82
29.83
29.85
29.86
29.91
2.4%
Wood and Other Biomass 4/
7.79
7.90
10.73
10.79
12.51
16.08
17.41
17.38
17.97
18.40
19.20
19.71
19.79
20.03
20.15
20.21
20.06
19.96
19.88
19.92
19.82
19.85
20.27
20.90
21.76
22.59
4.5%
Solar Thermal
0.49
0.49
0.51
0.52
0.52
0.67
0.71
0.75
0.76
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.90
0.91
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.97
2.9%
Solar Photovoltaic 5/
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.49
0.53
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.71
0.75
0.80
0.84
0.88
26.7%
Wind
5.59
5.78
12.16
16.70
18.02
19.28
20.53
21.50
21.82
23.21
23.62
24.49
25.19
26.52
27.66
29.14
29.64
30.84
31.20
32.21
32.70
33.65
34.14
35.35
35.69
36.21
7.9%
Total
316.46
258.79
318.13
361.37
370.18
378.60
383.11
385.83
387.73
390.75
392.79
395.51
396.99
399.94
402.36
405.01
406.99
408.68
410.15
413.45
416.63
418.71
420.46
423.08
425.83
428.80
2.1%
                                                       
Energy Consumption                                                      
(quadrillion Btu)                                                      
Conventional Hydropower
2.79
2.20
2.66
3.05
3.10
3.10
3.11
3.11
3.11
3.11
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.09
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
1.4%
Geothermal 2/
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.35
0.38
0.43
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.53
0.54
0.58
0.60
0.63
0.67
0.69
0.72
0.78
0.86
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.97
1.01
5.3%
Municipal Solid Waste 3/
0.27
0.27
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
2.0%
Wood and Other Biomass 4/
0.12
0.13
0.17
0.17
0.19
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.30
3.4%
Solar Thermal
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
2.9%
Solar Photovoltaic 5/
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
26.7%
Wind
0.06
0.06
0.13
0.17
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.30
0.30
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
7.9%
Total
3.53
2.96
3.58
4.03
4.13
4.25
4.32
4.38
4.42
4.47
4.50
4.56
4.58
4.64
4.68
4.73
4.78
4.81
4.84
4.92
5.01
5.05
5.08
5.12
5.17
5.23
2.4%
                                                       
Combined Heat and Power 6/                                                      
                                                       
Generating Capacity                                                      
(gigawatts)                                                      
Municipal Solid Waste
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.0%
Wood and Other Biomass 4/
4.41
4.41
4.41
4.64
4.83
4.96
5.07
5.22
5.39
5.61
5.88
6.12
6.33
6.52
6.72
6.89
7.04
7.21
7.39
7.59
7.76
7.92
8.12
8.31
8.52
8.71
2.9%
Total
4.69
4.69
4.69
4.93
5.11
5.24
5.35
5.51
5.67
5.89
6.16
6.40
6.61
6.80
7.00
7.17
7.33
7.49
7.68
7.87
8.04
8.20
8.40
8.59
8.80
9.00
2.7%
                                                       
Electricity Generation                                                      
(billion kilowatthours)                                                      
Municipal Solid Waste
2.50
2.46
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
2.15
-0.6%
Wood and Other Biomass 4/
28.68
28.67
28.68
30.05
31.10
31.89
32.53
33.43
34.38
35.68
37.23
38.66
39.86
40.98
42.15
43.15
44.05
45.03
46.10
47.21
48.21
49.18
50.31
51.44
52.65
53.80
2.7%
Total
31.18
31.13
30.83
32.20
33.25
34.04
34.68
35.58
36.53
37.83
39.38
40.81
42.01
43.13
44.30
45.30
46.20
47.18
48.25
49.36
50.36
51.33
52.47
53.59
54.80
55.95
2.5%
                                                       
                                                       
Energy Consumption                                                      
(quadrillion Btu)                                                      
Municipal Solid Waste
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.0%
Wood and Other Biomass 4/
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.69
2.6%
Total
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.71
0.72
0.74
2.4%
                                                       
Other End-Use Generators 7/                                                      
                                                       
Generating Capacity                                                      
(gigawatts)                                                      
Conventional Hydropower 8/
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
0.0%
Geothermal 2/
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N/A
Solar Photovoltaic
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.24
0.30
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.80
0.87
0.93
16.5%
Total
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.15
1.17
1.20
1.24
1.28
1.33
1.40
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.54
1.56
1.59
1.62
1.65
1.71
1.77
1.83
1.90
1.96
2.03
2.5%
                                                       
Electricity Generation                                                      
(billion kilowatthours)                                                      
Conventional Hydropower 8/
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
4.23
0.0%
Geothermal 2/
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N/A
Solar Photovoltaic
0.01
0.02
0.09
0.12
0.17
0.23
0.31
0.40
0.51
0.65
0.82
0.83
0.86
0.87
0.90
0.96
1.02
1.08
1.14
1.20
1.33
1.45
1.58
1.71
1.85
1.98
22.1%
Total
4.24
4.25
4.32
4.35
4.40
4.46
4.54
4.63
4.74
4.88
5.05
5.07
5.09
5.11
5.14
5.19
5.25
5.31
5.38
5.44
5.57
5.69
5.82
5.95
6.09
6.22
1.6%
                                                       
Energy Consumption                                                      
(quadrillion Btu)                                                      
Conventional Hydropower 8/
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.0%
Geothermal 2/
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N/A
Solar Photovoltaic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N/A
Total
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.0%
                                                       
1/ Includes electricity-only and combined heat and power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes small power producers and exempt wholesale generators.
2/ Includes hydrothermal resources only (hot water and steam).
3/ Includes landfill gas.
4/ Includes projections for energy crops after 2010.
5/ Does not include off-grid photovoltaics (PV). EIA estimates that another 76 megawatts of remote electricity generation PV applications were in service in 1999, plus an additional 205 megawatts in communications, transportation, and assorted other non-grid-connected applications.
6/ Combined heat and power produces electricity and other useful thermal energy.
7/ Includes small on-site generating systems in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors used primarily for own-use generation, but which may also sell some power to the grid.
8/ Represents own-use industrial hydroelectric power.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Net summer capacity has been estimated for nonutility generators for AEO99. Net summer capacity is used to be consistent with electric utility capacity estimates. Data for electric utility capacity data are the most recently available data as of August 31, 1997. Additional retirements are also determined on the basis of the size and age of the units. Therefore, capacity estimates may differ from other Energy Information Administration sources.
Sources: 2000 and 2001 generation: EIA, Annual Energy Review 2001, DOE/EIA-0384(2001) (Washington, DC, November 2002). Projections: EIA, AEO2003 National Energy Modeling System run aeo2003.d110502c.

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