Supplement Tables to the Annual Energy Outlook 2003


Table 47. Light-Duty Vehicle Miles per Gallon by Technology Type
(Miles per Gallon Gasoline Equivalent)
                                                     
2001-
 
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2025
                                                       
Automobiles 1/                                                      
                                                       
Conventional Vehicles                                                      
Gasoline ICE Vehicles
28.14
28.02
27.96
28.14
28.13
28.00
27.91
27.76
27.52
27.62
27.78
27.87
28.02
28.19
28.33
28.43
28.51
28.62
28.66
28.71
28.77
28.87
28.94
29.01
29.05
29.10
0.2%
TDI Diesel ICE
37.95
37.73
37.54
37.82
37.71
37.49
37.22
36.84
36.46
36.50
36.54
36.51
36.57
36.64
36.72
36.73
36.79
36.89
36.91
36.93
36.97
37.04
37.14
37.24
37.32
37.47
0.0%
                                                       
Alternative-Fuel Vehicles                                                      
Alcohol Fuel Technology                                                      
Methanol-Flex Fuel ICE
26.99
26.92
26.84
26.86
26.88
27.89
27.79
27.62
27.37
27.47
27.63
27.71
27.87
28.04
28.18
28.28
28.38
28.48
28.53
28.58
28.64
28.73
28.81
28.88
28.93
28.98
0.3%
Methanol ICE
28.78
28.64
28.54
28.67
28.67
28.50
28.34
28.14
27.87
27.94
28.10
28.19
28.33
28.48
28.60
28.71
28.81
28.91
28.98
29.04
29.11
29.21
29.29
29.36
29.42
29.46
0.1%
Ethanol-Flex Fuel ICE
27.94
27.82
27.75
27.97
27.93
27.78
27.70
27.54
27.29
27.41
27.58
27.66
27.82
27.99
28.14
28.25
28.35
28.45
28.49
28.54
28.59
28.68
28.76
28.83
28.88
28.94
0.2%
Ethanol ICE
27.71
27.59
27.53
27.65
27.67
27.54
27.44
27.27
27.03
27.14
27.32
27.42
27.58
27.75
27.89
28.01
28.12
28.23
28.30
28.36
28.43
28.53
28.61
28.69
28.74
28.80
0.2%
Natural Gas Technology                                                      
Compressed Natural Gas ICE
28.41
28.31
28.22
28.30
28.34
28.19
28.05
27.87
27.61
27.66
27.77
27.83
27.93
28.05
28.13
28.19
28.26
28.32
28.35
28.37
28.42
28.49
28.54
28.59
28.61
28.63
0.0%
Compressed Natural Gas Bi-fuel
27.10
26.97
26.89
26.96
27.03
26.93
26.83
26.68
26.44
26.52
26.65
26.73
26.84
26.97
27.06
27.12
27.17
27.22
27.24
27.24
27.27
27.34
27.39
27.43
27.45
27.46
0.1%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ICE
27.85
27.70
27.63
27.75
27.74
27.61
27.49
27.34
27.13
27.27
27.46
27.58
27.76
27.97
28.15
28.31
28.44
28.57
28.68
28.76
28.83
28.96
29.05
29.12
29.16
29.22
0.2%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Bi-fuel
27.14
26.99
26.91
26.96
27.02
26.90
26.79
26.65
26.42
26.51
26.65
26.74
26.87
27.03
27.14
27.22
27.30
27.37
27.42
27.45
27.50
27.59
27.65
27.71
27.74
27.76
0.1%
Electric Technology                                                      
Electric Vehicle
32.35
34.10
34.44
35.19
38.73
42.11
46.40
52.39
51.33
50.99
50.54
49.99
49.68
49.56
49.44
49.38
49.34
49.26
49.22
49.19
49.13
49.15
49.18
49.21
49.23
49.25
1.5%
Electric-Diesel Hybrid
43.36
43.44
43.29
43.43
43.32
42.98
42.13
41.38
40.88
40.86
40.82
40.75
40.74
40.71
40.73
40.68
40.66
40.72
40.68
40.65
40.65
40.65
40.66
40.69
40.70
40.75
-0.3%
Electric-Gasoline Hybrid
39.66
39.24
39.15
39.63
39.72
39.49
39.40
39.16
38.86
38.85
38.83
38.78
38.78
38.77
38.77
38.75
38.75
38.77
38.74
38.71
38.71
38.74
38.77
38.80
38.79
38.83
0.0%
Fuel Cell Technology                                                      
Fuel Cell Gasoline
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.48
43.88
43.28
42.68
42.64
42.62
42.57
42.54
42.50
42.45
42.40
42.35
42.29
42.22
42.15
42.09
42.08
42.08
42.09
42.09
42.10
N/A
Fuel Cell Methanol
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
47.43
46.78
46.14
45.50
45.45
45.42
45.38
45.33
45.29
45.23
45.18
45.11
45.04
44.96
44.89
44.81
44.80
44.80
44.80
44.80
44.80
N/A
Fuel Cell Hydrogen
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
51.72
51.01
50.30
49.59
49.53
49.48
49.41
49.35
49.28
49.20
49.11
49.02
48.92
48.81
48.70
48.60
48.58
48.58
48.58
48.57
48.58
N/A
                                                       
Average New Car Miles per Gallon
28.18
28.09
28.06
28.30
28.37
28.26
28.22
28.23
28.26
28.30
28.47
28.66
28.74
28.92
29.17
29.27
29.28
29.52
29.57
29.61
29.75
29.85
29.92
29.98
30.02
30.07
0.3%
                                                       
Light-Duty Trucks 1/                                                      
                                                       
Conventional Vehicles                                                      
Gasoline ICE Vehicles
20.36
20.31
20.28
20.30
20.31
20.35
20.26
20.21
20.05
20.19
20.40
20.52
20.71
20.91
21.06
21.19
21.34
21.47
21.58
21.68
21.79
21.94
22.05
22.15
22.23
22.30
0.4%
TDI Diesel ICE
26.61
26.66
26.52
26.55
26.53
26.54
26.17
25.98
25.73
25.77
25.89
25.94
26.03
26.13
26.20
26.27
26.35
26.42
26.46
26.51
26.57
26.67
26.75
26.83
26.88
26.92
0.0%
                                                       
Alternative-Fuel Vehicles                                                      
Alcohol Fuel Technology                                                      
Methanol-Flex Fuel ICE
19.34
19.30
20.55
20.58
20.58
20.63
20.53
20.50
20.35
20.50
20.74
20.88
21.08
21.29
21.45
21.60
21.75
21.89
22.01
22.11
22.23
22.39
22.50
22.61
22.69
22.77
0.7%
Methanol ICE
23.00
22.90
22.88
22.93
22.85
22.87
22.73
22.67
22.48
22.61
22.84
22.96
23.15
23.33
23.46
23.57
23.70
23.81
23.91
23.99
24.10
24.24
24.34
24.45
24.53
24.60
0.3%
Ethanol-Flex Fuel ICE
20.13
20.35
20.32
20.36
20.35
20.40
20.30
20.27
20.13
20.27
20.50
20.63
20.83
21.04
21.19
21.33
21.48
21.62
21.74
21.84
21.96
22.11
22.22
22.33
22.41
22.49
0.4%
Ethanol ICE
22.22
22.14
22.14
22.22
22.20
22.24
22.11
22.07
21.90
22.05
22.28
22.44
22.61
22.80
22.93
23.05
23.18
23.29
23.40
23.49
23.60
23.76
23.87
23.98
24.07
24.14
0.4%
Natural Gas Technology                                                      
Compressed Natural Gas ICE
23.73
23.64
23.55
23.62
23.57
23.61
23.39
23.26
23.08
23.15
23.27
23.32
23.45
23.58
23.66
23.73
23.82
23.92
23.98
24.03
24.11
24.24
24.33
24.42
24.48
24.54
0.2%
Compressed Natural Gas Bi-fuel
19.42
19.37
19.32
19.34
19.37
19.42
19.35
19.31
19.17
19.27
19.42
19.52
19.66
19.83
19.92
20.02
20.11
20.21
20.28
20.32
20.40
20.51
20.58
20.65
20.70
20.75
0.3%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ICE
20.53
20.42
20.35
20.45
20.32
20.34
20.15
20.13
20.00
20.16
20.36
20.49
20.67
20.89
21.03
21.14
21.27
21.37
21.45
21.52
21.61
21.74
21.82
21.90
21.95
22.00
0.3%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Bi-fuel
19.12
19.08
19.04
19.05
19.06
19.11
19.05
19.00
18.86
18.97
19.15
19.26
19.45
19.65
19.78
19.91
20.04
20.16
20.26
20.33
20.42
20.56
20.65
20.73
20.80
20.86
0.4%
                                                       
Electric Technology                                                      
Electric Vehicle
23.69
24.97
25.20
25.74
28.31
30.53
33.40
37.57
36.97
36.82
36.82
36.71
36.79
37.00
37.20
37.53
37.75
37.85
37.91
37.86
37.88
37.91
37.93
37.96
37.98
38.00
1.8%
Electric-Diesel Hybrid
33.57
32.80
32.37
32.15
31.92
31.88
31.37
31.68
31.83
31.82
31.83
31.82
31.85
31.88
31.92
31.94
31.97
32.04
32.05
32.07
32.13
32.21
32.28
32.35
32.41
32.48
0.0%
Electric-Gasoline Hybrid
30.57
30.63
30.45
30.53
30.43
30.39
29.87
29.63
29.09
29.08
29.10
29.08
29.10
29.14
29.17
29.18
29.21
29.25
29.26
29.28
29.32
29.41
29.49
29.56
29.61
29.67
-0.1%
Fuel Cell Technology                                                      
Fuel Cell Gasoline
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
38.51
37.59
37.09
36.57
36.52
36.49
36.44
36.40
36.35
36.30
36.25
36.18
36.11
36.05
35.98
35.91
35.91
35.91
35.92
35.93
35.94
N/A
Fuel Cell Methanol
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
41.10
40.12
39.58
39.02
38.97
38.94
38.89
38.84
38.79
38.74
38.68
38.62
38.55
38.48
38.41
38.35
38.36
38.38
38.40
38.42
38.44
N/A
Fuel Cell Hydrogen
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.01
43.93
43.34
42.72
42.66
42.62
42.55
42.50
42.44
42.37
42.30
42.22
42.15
42.07
42.00
41.93
41.96
41.99
42.04
42.07
42.11
N/A
                                                       
Average New Truck Miles per Gallon
20.58
20.71
20.68
20.76
20.82
20.88
20.80
20.78
20.72
20.83
21.03
21.17
21.34
21.53
21.71
21.84
21.96
22.14
22.24
22.34
22.47
22.61
22.71
22.82
22.90
22.99
0.4%
                                                       
Fleet Average Stock Car Miles per Gallon 2/
21.99
21.79
21.81
21.83
21.88
21.91
21.93
21.96
21.99
22.03
22.09
22.16
22.23
22.33
22.44
22.57
22.69
22.83
22.98
23.12
23.28
23.34
23.40
23.46
23.53
23.59
0.3%
Fleet Average Stock Truck Miles per Gallon 2/
17.14
16.92
16.86
16.82
16.80
16.78
16.76
16.73
16.71
16.69
16.70
16.71
16.73
16.77
16.82
16.88
16.94
17.01
17.08
17.15
17.22
17.31
17.40
17.49
17.57
17.66
0.2%
                                                       
Fleet Average Stock Vehicle Miles per Gallon 2/
20.09
19.81
19.73
19.65
19.60
19.54
19.48
19.43
19.37
19.33
19.31
19.31
19.32
19.34
19.39
19.44
19.50
19.57
19.65
19.73
19.82
19.89
19.95
20.02
20.09
20.16
0.1%
                                                       
1/ Fuel efficiencies are EPA rated. Includes personal and fleet vehicles.
2/ Stock values are on-road efficiencies. Includes personal vehicles, fleet vehicles, and freight light trucks.
ICE = Internal combustion engine.
Sources: 2001 derived using: Energy and Environmental Analysis Inc., Updates to the Fuel Economy Model, prepared for Energy Information Administration (EIA)(Washington, DC, June 1998); National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, Mid-Model Year Fuel Economy Reports from Auto Manufacturers, 2000; Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics 2000 (Washington, DC, November 2001); United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Vehicle Inventoryand Use Survey," EC97TV (Washington, DC, October 1999); and EIA, AEO2003 National Energy Modeling System run aeo2003.d110502c. Projections: EIA, AEO2003 National Energy Modeling System run aeo2003.d110502c.

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