Electric Heat Pump    

Current Standard

6.8

$81.39

$3.33

14

2000- typical    

7.5

$97.92

$3.33

14

2000- high efficiency

9.8

$155.56

$3.33

14

2005- typical     

7.5

$97.22

$3.33

14

2005- high efficiency

9.8

$155.56

$3.33

14

2010 - typical    

7.5

$97.22

$3.33

14

2010 - high efficiency

9.8

$155.56

$3.33

14

2020 - typical

7.8

$97.22

$3.33

14

2020 - high efficiency

10.0

$150.00

$3.33

14

Ground-Source Heat Pump

2000- typical

3.4

$187.50

$1.46

20

2000- high efficiency    

4.0

$229.17

$1.46

20

2005- typical     

3.4

$166.67

$1.46

20

2005- high efficiency

4.3

$229.17

$1.46

20

2010- typical

3.4

$166.67

$1.46

20

2010 - high efficiency

4.3

$208.33

$1.46

20

2020 - typical

3.8

$166.67

$1.46

20

2020 - high efficiency

4.5

$197.92

$1.46

20

Electric Boiler

Current Standard    

0.98

$21.83

$0.14

21

Packaged Electric    

1995

0.93

$19.77

$3.49

18

Natural Gas Furnace

Current Standard     

0.80

$9.11

$1.00

15

2000 - high efficiency

0.92

$14.82

$0.88

15

2010 - typical

0.81

$8.70

$0.96

15

Natural Gas Boiler

Current Standard

0.80

$18.11

$0.55

25

2000 -  high efficiency

0.87

$33.82

$0.69

25

2005 -  typical     

0.81

$17.87

$0.55

25

2005 - high efficiency

0.90

$31.68

$0.67

25

Natural Gas Heat Pump

2005 - absortion

1.4

$173.61

$4.17

15

Distillate Oil Furnace

Current Standard

0.81

$14.25

$1.00

15

2000

0.86

$23.46

$1.00

15

2010     

0.89

$22.69

$1.00

15

Distillate Oil Boiler

Current Standard

0.83

$15.76

$0.13

20

2000 - high efficiency

0.88

$18.83

$0.12

20

2005 - typical

0.83

$15.76

$013

20

2005- high efficiency

0.88

$18.83

$0.12

20

¹Equipment listed is for the New  England Census division, but is also representative of the technology data for the rest of the U.S.
²Efficiency measurements vary by equipment type.  Electric air-source and natural gas heat pumps are rated for heating performance using the Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF); natural gas and distillate furnaces are based on Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency; ground-source heat pumps are rated on coefficient of performance; and boilers are based on combustion efficiency.
³Capital and maintenance costs are given in 2001 dollars.     
Source:  Energy Information Administration, “Technology Forecast Updates - Residential and Commercial Building Technologies - Reference Case”,  Arthur D. Little, Inc., Reference Number 8675309, October 2001.