Annual Energy Outlook 2003 with Projections to 2025
Reference Case

Table 18. Renewable Energy Consumption by Sector and Source 1/
(Quadrillion Btu per Year)

Sector and Source
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2001-
2025
                                                       
Marketed Renewable Energy 2/                                                      
                                                       
Residential
0.41
0.39
0.39
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.2%
Wood
0.41
0.39
0.39
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.2%
                                                       
Commercial
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.0%
Biomass
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.0%
                                                       
Industrial 3/
1.86
1.82
1.80
1.86
1.92
1.95
1.99
2.03
2.08
2.15
2.22
2.29
2.35
2.40
2.46
2.51
2.56
2.61
2.66
2.72
2.77
2.82
2.88
2.94
3.00
3.05
2.2%
Conventional Hydroelectric
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.0
Municipal Solid Waste
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0%
Biomass
1.82
1.77
1.75
1.82
1.87
1.90
1.94
1.99
2.03
2.10
2.17
2.24
2.30
2.36
2.41
2.46
2.51
2.56
2.62
2.67
2.72
2.77
2.83
2.89
2.95
3.01
2.2%
                                                       
Transportation
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.34
3.5%
Ethanol used in E85 4/
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N/A
Ethanol used in Gasoline Blending
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
3.5%
                                                       
Electric Generators 5/
3.58
3.02
3.58
4.03
4.12
4.25
4.32
4.38
4.42
4.46
4.50
4.55
4.58
4.63
4.68
4.72
4.77
4.80
4.83
4.91
5.00
5.03
5.06
5.10
5.16
5.21
2.3%
Conventional Hydroelectric
2.80
2.17
2.66
3.04
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.10
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.09
3.08
3.08
3.08
3.08
3.08
3.08
3.08
1.5%
Geothermal
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.35
0.38
0.43
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.53
0.54
0.58
0.60
0.63
0.67
0.69
0.72
0.78
0.86
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.97
1.01
5.3%
Municipal Solid Waste 6/
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
1.3%
Biomass
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.17
0.19
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.30
2.8%
Dedicated Plants
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.18
0.19
2.0%
Cofiring
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
4.9%
Solar Thermal
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
5.3%
Solar Photovoltaic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
N/A
Wind
0.05
0.08
0.12
0.17
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.30
0.30
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
6.4%
                                                       
Total Marketed Renewable Energy
6.10
5.47
6.04
6.60
6.78
6.94
7.06
7.17
7.26
7.38
7.49
7.62
7.71
7.83
7.94
8.03
8.14
8.22
8.31
8.45
8.59
8.68
8.77
8.87
9.00
9.11
2.1%
                                                       
Sources of Ethanol                                                      
From Corn
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
2.9%
From Cellulose
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
N/A
Total
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.34
3.5%
                                                       
Non-Marketed Renewable Energy                                                      
-- Selected Consumption 7/                                                      
                                                       
Residential
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
2.3%
Solar Hot Water Heating
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
2.1%
Geothermal Heat Pumps
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
2.8%
Solar Photovoltaic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.6%
                                                       
Commercial
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
1.3%
Solar Thermal
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.6%
Solar Photovoltaic
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
17.5%

1/ Actual heat rates used to determine fuel consumption for all renewable fuels except hydropower, solar, and wind. Consumption at hydroelectric, solar, and wind facilities determined
by using the fossil fuel equivalent of 10,280 Btu per kilowatthour.
2/ Includes nonelectric renewable energy groups for which the energy source is bought and sold in the marketplace, although all transactions may not necessarily be marketed, and
marketed renewable energy inputs for electricity entering the marketplace on the electric power grid. Excludes electricity imports; see Table A8.
3/ Includes all electricity production by industrial and other combined heat and power for the grid and for own use.
4/ Excludes motor gasoline component of E85.
5/ Includes consumption of energy by electricity-only and combined heat and power (CHP) plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public.
Includes small power producers and exempt wholesale generators.
6/ Includes landfill gas.
7/ Includes selected renewable energy consumption data for which the energy is not bought or sold, either directly or indirectly as an input to marketed energy. The Energy Information
Administration does not estimate or project total consumption of nonmarketed renewable energy.
Btu = British thermal unit.
N/A = Not applicable.
Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2000 and 2001 are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA data reports.
Sources: 2000 and 2001 ethanol: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review 2001, DOE/EIA-0384(2001) (Washington, DC, October 2002). 2000 and 2001 electric generators: EIA, Form EIA-860: "Annual Electric Generator Report" (preliminary). Other 2000 and 2001: EIA, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Projections: EIA, AEO2003 National Energy Modeling System run aeo2003.d110502c.