End Use Characterization

 Food: direct fuel, hot water/steam, refrigeration, and other electric.

 Bulk Chemicals: direct fuel, hot water/steam, electrolytic, and other electric.

 Process Step Characterization

 Pulp and Paper: wood preparation, waste pulping, mechanical pulping, semi-chemical pulping, Kraft
   pulping, bleaching, and papermaking.

 Glass: batch preparation, melting/refining, and forming.

 Cement: dry process clinker, wet process clinker, and finish grinding.

 Steel: coke oven, open hearth steel making, basic oxygen furnace steel making, electric arc furnace steel
  making, ingot casting, continuous casting, hot rolling, and cold rolling.

 Aluminum: only primary aluminum smelting is explicitly included.