Notes and Sources

109. Energy Information Administration, “Coal Distribution Back Issues,” web site www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/ coal/page/coaldistrib/coal_distributions.html.

110. EIA’s coal distribution data for 2004 indicate that the mode of transportation for 28 million tons (3 percent) of domestic coal shipments was “unknown.”

111. Energy Information Administration, “Coal Transpor-tation: Rates and Trends in the United States, 1979-2001 (with Supplementary Data to 2002),” Table 2.06, web site www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/trans/ratesntrends.html.

112. U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, “Coal-Based Generation Reliability,” Statement of David Wilks, President of Energy Supply, Xcel Energy, on behalf of the Edison Electric Institute and Consumers United for Rail Equity (May 25, 2006).

113. Average transportation rates are imputed from the difference between average delivered prices, excluding imports, and average minemouth prices.

114. BNSF Railway Company, Quarterly Report (June 30, 2006) web site www.bnsf.com/investors/secfilings/10Q_Railway_2Q_2006.pdf.

115. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Freight Railroads: Industry Health Has Improved, But Concerns about Competition and Capacity Should Be Addressed, GAO-07-94 (Washington, DC, October 2006), web site www.gao.gov/new.items/d0794.pdf.

116. U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine, “Economics, Service and Capacity in the Freight Railroad Industry,” Statement of W. Douglas Buttrey, Chairman, Surface Transportation Board (June 21, 2006).

117. Surface Transportation Board, web site www.stb.dot.gov.

118. N. Carey, “Margins, Fuel Charges Boost Union Pacific 4th Qtr,” Reuters.com (January 2006).

119. Norfolk Southern, web site www.nscorp.com/nscorphtml/marketing/pricing/NS8003_terms.html.

120. CSX, web site http://shipcsx.com/public/ec.shipcsx public/Main?module_url=/ec.pricingpublic/About.

121. Surface Transportation Board Decision, Rail Fuel Surcharges, Ex Parte No. 661 (August 3, 2006), web site www.stb.dot.gov. 122.Surface Transportation Board, Rail Fuel Surcharge, Comments of BNSF Railway (October 2, 2006).

122.Surface Transportation Board, Rail Fuel Surcharge, Comments of BNSF Railway (October 2, 2006).

123.  “CSX STB Fuel Surcharge Filing” (October 3, 2006) web site www.csx.com. 

124.  U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, “Coal-Based Generation Reliability,” Statement of Howard Gruenspecht, Deputy Administrator, Energy Information Administration (May 25, 2006). 

125.  R. Smith and D. Machalaba, “As Utilities Seek More Coal, Railroads Struggle To Deliver,“ Wall Street Journal (March 15, 2006), p. A1; and “Coal Stocks Outperform S&P, Metals Securities,” Platts Coal Trader (November 15, 2005), pp. 2-3. 

126.  S. Bobb, Group Vice President of Coal Marketing, BNSF Railway, “June 2006 Coal Update,” paper presented to staff at the Energy Information Administration (Washington, DC, June 27, 2006). 

127.  U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, “Coal-Based Generation Reliability,” Statement of Edward Hamberger, President and Chief Executive Officer, Association of American Railroads (May 15, 2006); and S. Bobb, Group Vice President of Coal Marketing, BNSF Railway, “June 2006 Coal Update,” paper presented to staff at the Energy Information Administration (Washington, DC, June 27, 2006). 

128.  A.J. Cebula, Vice President of Planning & Engineering, CANAC Inc., “Southern Powder River Basin, BNSF/UP Joint Line, Towards Sustainable Operations of 500 mmT,” paper presented at the National Coal Transportation Association Annual Fall Meeting & Conference (Denver, CO, September 13, 2006). 

129.  “CANAC Sees 50 Percent Jump in SPRB Output by 2012,” Argus Coal Transportation, Vol. 25, No. 17 (September 14, 2006), p. 1. 

130.  Personal communication to EIA from Doug Conway, General Manager–Coal, DM&E and IC&E Railroads (November 16, 2006).