[44] On December 7, 2004, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers and several California auto dealerships filed suit in the U.S. District Court in Fresno, California, against A.B. 1493.

[45] Conversion methodology assumes 70.22 kilograms of carbon dioxide per million Btu of gasoline and 125,000 Btu per gallon of gasoline, which equates to 8.78 kilograms of carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline.

[46] The Clean Air Act allows States to opt out of Federal light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions standard requirements if they choose to adopt California’s standards. Connecticut, New Jersey, and Rhode Island have also passed legislation adopting California’s light vehicle emissions standards, excluding the new greenhouse gas emission standards. The California Low Emission Vehicle Program (LEVP) requires more stringent criteria emission standards and minimum sales requirements for zero-emission vehicles, which include hybrid, electric, and fuel cell vehicles. Because these States were not expected to adopt the California light vehicle greenhouse gas emission standards, the associated light vehicle fuel economy impact from the sales of zero-emission vehicles due to their opting into the California LEVP are not represented in the AEO2005 reference case and, therefore, were not included in the A.B. 1493 sensitivity cases.

[47] California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board, Addendum Presenting And Describing Revisions To: Initial Statement of Reasons For Proposed Rulemaking, Public Hearing To Consider Adoption of Regulations To Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Motor Vehicles (September 10, 2004), p. 1, web site www. arb.ca.gov/regact/grnhsgas/addendum.pdf.

[48] California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board, Addendum Presenting And Describing Revisions To: Initial Statement of Reasons For Proposed Rulemaking, Public Hearing To Consider Adoption of Regulations To Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Motor Vehicles (September 10, 2004), Table 8.2-1, p. 17, web site www.arb.ca.gov/regact/grnhsgas/addendum.pdf.

[49] Percentages derived from EMFAC model runs (April 23, 2002) provided by Jonathan Taylor, California Air Resources Board (December 20, 2004).

[50] The NEMS model does not capture State-specific sales, stocks, or vehicle miles traveled. The impact of the fuel economy equivalent standards were modeled nationally and applied regionally in subsequent runs based on State-specific distributions of light vehicle energy use and travel.

[51] Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration model year 2001 CAFE data indicated that 12.3 percent of new light trucks sold (trucks less than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight) have a loaded vehicle weight less than 3,750 pounds.

[52] The EMFAC model was used to develop the baseline CO2 equivalent emissions in the CARB analysis. Reductions were estimated on the basis of a NESCCAF model and applied to the EMFAC baseline.

[53] Census Division 9 includes the following States: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

[54] Census Division 1 includes the following States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Census Division 2 includes the following States: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.