Renewable Fuels Module

[1] For a comprehensive description of each submodule, see Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, Model Documentation, Renewable Fuels Module of the National Energy Modeling System, DOE/EIA-M069(2005), (Washington, DC,  March 2005). 

[2] Revising the Long Term Multipliers in NEMS:  Quantifying the Incremental Transmission Costs Due to Wind Power, Report to EIA from Princeton Energy Resources International, LLC.  May 2007. 

[3]  Wiser, Ryan and Mark Bollinger.  Annual Report on U.S. Wind Power Installation, Cost, and Performance Trends: 2006. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Reneweable Energy. May 2007. 

[4]  United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, "Forest Resources of the United States, 1992", General Technical Report RM-234, (Fort Collins CO, June 1994). 

[5]  Antares Group Inc., "Biomass Residue Supply Curves for the U.S (updated)", prepared for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, June 1999. 

[6] Walsh, M.E., et.al., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, "The Economic Impacts of Bioenergy Crop Production on U.S. Agriculture", (Oak Ridge, TN, May 2000), http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/wagin/index.html. 

[7] Graham, R.L., et.al., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “The Oak Ridge Energy Crop County Level Database”, (Oak Ridge TN, December, 1996). 

[8] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division, Energy Project Landfill Gas Utilization Software (E-PLUS) Version 1.0, EPA-430-B-97-006 (Washington, DC, January 1997). 

[9] Energy Information Administration, "Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2003", DOE/EIA-0573(2003) (Washington, DC, December 2004). 

[10] Governmental Advisory Associates, Inc., METH2000 Database, Westport, CT, January 25,  2000. 

[11] Douglas G. Hall, Richard T. Hunt, Kelly S. Reeves, and Greg R. Carroll, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, "Estimation of Economic Parameters of U.S. Hydropower Resources" INEEL/EXT-03-00662 (Idaho Falls, Idaho, June 2003). 

[12] Closed-loop biomass are crops produced explicitly for energy production.  Open-loop biomass are generally wastes or residues that are a byproduct of some other process, such as crops grown for food, forestry, landscaping, or wood milling.