DOE/EIA-0573(94)
Distribution Category UC-950
This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or of any other organization.
This report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987-1994, was prepared under the general direction of Mary J. Hutzler, Director of the Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, Energy Information Administration. General questions concerning the content of this report may be referred to Arthur T. Andersen, Director of the Energy Demand and Integration Division (202/586-1441).
Specific technical information concerning the content of the report may be obtained from Arthur Rypinski (202/ 586-8425, e-mail arypinsk@eia.doe.gov). This report was written by Arthur Rypinski (Executive Summary and Chapter 1), Louise Guey-Lee (Chapter 2), Michael Mondshine (Chapter 3), Karen Bauer (Chapters 4 and 6), Neal Miller (Chapter 5), and Kenneth Pruitt (Chapter 7).
Title XVI, Section 1605(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (enacted October 24, 1992) provides:
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, through the Energy Information Administration, shall develop, based on data available to, and obtained by, the Energy Information Administration, an inventory of the national aggregate emissions of each greenhouse gas for each calendar year of the baseline period of 1987 through 1990. The Administrator of the Energy Information Administration shall annually update and analyze such inventory using available data. This subsection does not provide any new data collection authority.
The first report in this series, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 1985-1990, was published in September 1993. This report--the third annual report, as required by law-- presents the Energy Information Administration's latest estimates of emissions for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases.
Executive Summary
What's New in This Report
1. U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Perspective
About this Report
Emissions Inventories
Global Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect
Global Sources of Greenhouse Gases
Relative Forcing Effects of Various Gases
Recent Developments
Changing Growth in Atmospheric Concentrations
Global Climate Change Policy Developments
U.S. Emissions in an International Perspective
2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Overview
Energy Consumption
Emissions Trends
Estimating Emissions
Adjustments to U.S. Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption in U.S. Territories
International Bunker Fuels
Unreported Natural Gas Consumption
Energy Production
Industrial Sources
Cement Manufacture
Limestone and Dolomite Consumption
Soda Ash Manufacture and Consumption
Carbon Dioxide Manufacture
Aluminum Manufacture
3. Methane Emissions
Overview
Energy Production and Distribution
Coal Mining
Oil and Gas Production, Processing, and Distribution
Energy Consumption
Stationary Combustion
Mobile Combustion
Landfills
Agricultural Sources
Enteric Fermentation in Domesticated Animals
Solid Waste of Domesticated Animals
Rice Cultivation
Burning of Crop Residues
Industrial Processes
Chemical Production
Iron and Steel Production
4. Nitrous Oxide
Overview
Agriculture
Fertilizer Use
Crop Residue Burning
Energy Use
Mobile Combustion
Stationary Combustion
Industrial Processes
Adipic Acid Production
Nitric Acid Production
5. Halocarbons and Other Gases
Overview
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11)
Dichlorofluoromethane (CFC-12)
Freon 113 (CFC-113)
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114)
Monochloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115)
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
Chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22)
Chlorodifluoroethane (HCFC-142b)
Other HCFCs
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
HFC-23
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)
1,1-Difluoroethane (HFC-152a)
Bromofluorocarbons (Halons)
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Other Chemicals
Carbon Tetrachloride
Methyl Chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane)
Chloroform
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)
Sulfur Hexafluoride
6. Criteria Pollutants
Overview
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Nonmethane Volatile Organic Compounds
7. Land Use Issues
Overview
Land Use and the Carbon Budget
Carbon Cycling in Forests
Methane Emissions from Wetlands
Land Use Modification of Methane Sinks
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Land Use Changes
Appendices
A. Carbon Coefficients Used in This Report
B. Uncertainty in Emissions Estimates
C. Detailed Emissions Estimates and Activity Data
D. Emissions Sources Excluded
E. Common Conversion Factors
References
Glossary
Tables
1. Global Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases
2. Global Natural and Anthropogenic Sources and Absorption of
Greenhouse Gases
3. Numerical Estimates of Global Warming Potentials Relative to
Carbon Dioxide
4. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy and Industry,
1987-1994
5. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Energy
Consumption
by End-Use Sector, 1987-1994
6. Comparison of EIA Estimates of Carbon Emissions Coefficients
at Full Combustion, 1987-1994
7. U.S. Fossil Fuel Consumption for Nonfuel Use, 1987-1994
8. Rates of Sequestration for U.S. Fossil Fuel Consumption
9. U.S. Carbon Sequestered by Nonfuel Use of Energy,
1987-1994
10. Energy Consumption in U.S. Territories and International
Bunkers, 1987-1994
11. Carbon Emissions from U.S. Territories, International
Bunkers,
and Unmetered Gas Consumption, 1987-1994
12. U.S. Natural Gas Consumption and Balancing Item,
1987-1994
13. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Gas Flaring,
1987-1994
14. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Industrial Sources,
1987-1994
15. U.S. Methane Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources,
1987-1994
16. U.S. Methane Emissions from Coal Mining and Post-Mining
Activities, 1987-1994
17. U.S. Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas Operations,
1987-1994
18. U.S. Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Transmission and
Distribution, 1987-1994
19. U.S. Methane Emissions from Oil Refining and
Transportation,
1987-1994
20. U.S. Methane Emissions from Stationary Combustion
Sources,
1987-1994
21. U.S. Methane Emissions from Mobile Sources,
1987-1994
22. U.S. Methane Emissions from Anaerobic Decomposition in
Landfills, 1987-1994
23. EMCON Methane Generation Model Parameters
24. U.S. Methane Emissions from Enteric Fermentation in
Domesticated Animals, 1987-1994
25. U.S. Methane Emissions from the Solid Waste of
Domesticated
Animals, 1987-1994
26. Area of Land Harvested for Rice and Estimated U.S.
Methane
Emissions from Flooded Rice Fields, 1987-1994
27. U.S. Methane Emissions from Industrial Processes,
1987-1994
28. Estimated U.S. Emissions of Nitrous Oxide, 1987-1994
29. U.S. Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Nitrogen Fertilizer Use,
1987-1994
30. U.S. Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Mobile Sources,
1987-1994
31. U.S. Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Stationary Combustion
Sources, 1987-1994
32. U.S. Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Industrial Processes,
1987-1994
33. Estimated 1990 Production, Sales, and Emissions of CFCs
and
Other Greenhouse Gases
34. Estimated U.S. Emissions of Halocarbons and Miscellaneous
Greenhouse Gases, 1987-1994
35. U.S. Emissions of Criteria Pollutants, 1987-1994
36. U.S. Carbon Monoxide Emissions, 1987-1994
37. U.S. Nitrogen Oxide Emissions, 1987-1994
38. U.S. Emissions of Nonmethane Volatile Organic Compounds,
1987-1994
39. Major Uses of Land in the United States
A1. Carbon Emissions Coefficients at Full Combustion,
1984-1994
A2. Trends in Motor Gasoline Density, All Grades, 1984-1994
A3. Consumption Shares for Liquid Petroleum Gases by Energy
Content, 1984-1994
A4. Composition, Energy Content, and Emissions Coefficient for
Four Samples of Still Gas
C1. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the
Residential Sector, 1983-1994
C2. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the
Commercial Sector, 1983-1994
C3. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the
Industrial Sector, 1983-1994
C4. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the
Transportation Sector, 1983-1994
C5. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electric Utilities,
1983-1994
C6. Production Data for Industrial Sources of Carbon Dioxide,
1983-1994
C7. U.S. Coal Production, 1983-1994
C8. Activity Data for Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas
Production, Processing, and Distribution, 1983-1994
C9. Methane Emissions Factors for Oil and Gas Production,
Processing, and Distribution
C10. U.S. Municipal Solid Waste Landfilled, 1983-1994
C11. Factors Used To Estimate Methane and Nitrous Oxide
Emissions
from Burning of Crop Residues
C12. Average Pre-Slaughter Live Weights for U.S. Cattle and
Calves,
1984-1994
D1. Estimated U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Biofuels,
1987-1994
D2. Estimated Carbon Emissions from U.S. Military Operations
Abroad, 1987-1994
D3. Estimated U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Natural Gas
Plants, 1987-1994
Figures
1. Annual Percentage Change in Atmospheric Concentrations of
Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide, 1984-1994
2. Energy-Related Carbon Emissions by Region, 1950-1994
3. Indices of U.S. Gross Domestic Product, Population, Energy
Consumption, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1980-1994
4. U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuel,
1980-1994
5. U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Emissions by Sector, 1980-1994
6. U.S. Emissions of Nitrous Oxide by Source, 1980-1994
7. Production, Sales, End Use, and Estimated Emissions of CFC-12,
1980-1994
