Table C1. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the Residential Sector, 1983-1994
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon)
P = preliminary data.
Fuel 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Petroleum LPG 6.0 4.9 5.5 5.5 6.1 6.0 6.8 6.2 6.6 6.5 6.7 7.4 Distillate Fuel 18.3 19.0 19.7 20.0 20.3 21.0 20.6 16.5 16.4 17.1 18.0 18.8 Kerosene 1.7 1.7 3.1 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 Total 25.9 25.6 28.3 27.8 28.8 29.8 29.7 24.0 24.4 24.8 26.2 27.6 Coal 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Natural Gas 65.0 67.5 65.7 63.8 63.9 68.5 70.9 65.1 67.5 69.4 73.4 72.1 Electricity 143.3 146.0 149.9 150.6 156.7 164.8 165.4 162.4 163.8 160.2 170.6 170.4 Total 236.1 241.1 245.8 244.0 251.0 264.8 267.5 253.0 257.1 255.9 271.6 271.6
Notes: Data in this table are revised from the data contained in the previous EIA report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987- 1992, DOE/EIA-0573 (Washington, DC, November 1994). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Energy Information Administration estimates, based on energy data from State Energy Data Report 1993, DOE/EIA-0214(93) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0535(95/07) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and emissions coefficients shown in Table 6 of this report.
Table C2. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the Commercial Sector, 1983-1994
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon)
P = preliminary data.
Fuel 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Petroleum Motor Gasoline 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.6 LPG 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 Distillate Fuel 12.9 13.5 12.3 11.8 11.7 11.3 10.6 9.6 9.5 9.2 9.2 9.5 Residual Fuel 4.4 5.6 4.8 6.2 5.6 5.6 4.9 5.0 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.8 Kerosene 2.2 1.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Total 22.5 23.8 20.6 21.9 21.4 20.6 19.2 18.0 17.1 16.1 14.9 15.4 Coal 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 Natural Gas 36.1 37.3 36.0 34.3 36.0 39.5 40.3 38.8 40.4 41.5 43.1 43.6 Electricity 118.5 124.4 130.2 131.5 137.2 144.8 148.3 147.5 146.7 145.6 151.8 155.7 Total 180.0 188.8 189.6 190.4 197.2 207.6 210.0 206.7 206.4 205.5 212.1 216.9
Notes: Data in this table are revised from the data contained in the previous EIA report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987- 1992, DOE/EIA-0573 (Washington, DC, November 1994). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Energy Information Administration estimates, based on energy data from State Energy Data Report 1993, DOE/EIA-0214(93) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0535(95/07) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and emissions coefficients shown in Table 6 of this report.
Table C3. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the Industrial Sector, 1983-1994
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon)
P = preliminary data.
Fuel 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Petroleum Motor Gasoline 2.2 3.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 LPG 13.4 16.5 16.9 16.0 13.8 13.6 12.6 9.8 10.3 11.8 8.6 9.8 Distillate Fuel 22.6 23.5 23.4 23.7 24.2 24.1 22.7 23.3 22.5 22.6 21.7 22.3 Residual Fuel 16.8 18.9 15.9 15.7 12.4 11.6 8.8 8.9 7.1 8.3 9.6 8.9 Lubricants 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 Kerosene 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Other 34.9 39.0 36.7 36.7 39.8 44.9 43.8 51.5 42.9 49.8 47.1 50.4 Total 92.8 103.9 99.7 98.3 96.5 100.3 94.0 99.2 88.4 98.1 92.5 96.9 Coal 60.1 69.5 67.4 64.7 66.0 71.2 69.5 68.5 64.8 63.0 62.3 62.8 Natural Gas 95.2 104.2 99.0 93.3 102.0 107.0 113.1 118.5 121.2 126.1 131.6 133.5 Electricity 148.1 156.8 158.0 152.7 158.1 165.5 169.1 166.2 162.3 166.5 167.5 168.2 Total 396.2 434.4 424.1 409.0 422.7 444.1 445.6 452.4 436.6 453.6 454.0 461.4
Notes: Data in this table are revised from the data contained in the previous EIA report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987- 1992, DOE/EIA-0573 (Washington, DC, November 1994). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Energy Information Administration estimates, based on energy data from State Energy Data Report 1993, DOE/EIA-0214(93) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0535(95/07) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and emissions coefficients shown in Table 6 of this report.
Table C4. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Use in the Transportation Sector, 1983-1994
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon)
P = preliminary data.
Fuel 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Petroleum Motor Gasoline 239.9 241.6 245.1 252.8 259.0 264.9 264.2 260.9 259.5 263.4 269.3 273.5 LPG 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Jet Fuel 41.2 46.5 48.0 51.6 54.6 57.3 58.8 60.1 58.1 57.6 58.1 60.4 Distillate Fuel 57.4 62.1 63.3 65.3 66.9 72.9 75.8 75.7 72.6 75.3 77.3 80.3 Residual Fuel 17.5 17.2 16.7 18.5 19.2 19.6 20.8 21.9 22.0 23.0 19.4 19.2 Lubricants 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 Aviation Gas 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 Total 359.0 370.5 376.1 391.2 402.7 417.6 422.6 421.5 414.8 421.9 426.8 436.2 Natural Gas 7.3 7.8 7.5 7.2 7.7 9.1 9.4 9.8 8.9 8.8 9.3 9.4 Electricity 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Total 366.9 379.0 384.4 399.1 411.1 427.5 432.7 432.1 424.5 431.4 436.7 446.3
Notes: Data in this table are revised from the data contained in the previous EIA report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987- 1992, DOE/EIA-0573 (Washington, DC, November 1994). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Energy Information Administration estimates, based on energy data from State Energy Data Report 1993, DOE/EIA-0214(93) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0535(95/07) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and emissions coefficients shown in Table 6 of this report.
Table C5. U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electric Utilities, 1983-1994
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon)
P = preliminary data.
Fuel 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Petroleum 32.7 27.3 23.1 30.8 26.7 33.2 35.7 26.6 25.1 20.3 22.5 20.6 Heavy Fuel Oil 30.6 25.3 21.2 28.9 24.6 30.7 32.4 24.2 22.9 18.2 20.0 18.0 Light Fuel Oil 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.9 Petroleum Coke 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 Coal 334.6 354.3 370.3 365.9 383.7 403.7 406.5 409.0 407.3 411.9 428.6 430.4 Natural Gas 43.1 46.3 45.5 38.7 42.2 39.0 41.2 41.2 41.1 40.7 39.5 44.0 Total 410.4 427.9 438.9 435.4 452.6 475.9 483.5 476.9 473.5 472.9 490.6 494.9
Notes: Electric utilities include Independent Power Producers but exclude cogeneration facilities. Data in this table are revised from the data contained in the previous EIA report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1987-1992, DOE/EIA-0573 (Washington, DC, November 1994). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Source: Energy Information Administration estimates, based on energy data from State Energy Data Report 1993, DOE/EIA-0214(93) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and Monthly Energy Review, DOE/EIA-0535(95/07) (Washington, DC, July 1995), and emissions coefficients shown in Table 6 of this report.
Table C6. Production Data for Industrial Sources of Carbon Dioxide, 1983-1994
(Thousand Metric Tons)
P = preliminary data.
Item 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Cement Clinker 57,703 62,467 60,140 62,252 62,328 62,727 62,847 63,313 61,595 62,171 65,745 68,510 Masonry Cement 2,658 2,980 2,955 3,237 3,302 3,261 2,988 2,911 2,591 2,805 2,962 3,613 Lime Produced 13,484 14,441 14,231 13,128 14,270 15,466 15,557 15,832 15,667 16,199 16,932 17,300 Limestone in Iron Smelting 5,239 6,048 6,857 5,468 4,080 4,177 4,275 3,955 3,634 3,098 2,561 2,538 Limestone in Steelmaking 662 834 689 734 796 866 1,058 682 738 612 1,087 1,117 Limestone in Glass 1,193 780 366 526 685 463 241 255 269 354 439 482 Limestone in FGD 2,540 2,540 2,586 3,017 3,923 3,783 4,386 4,368 4,605 4,479 4,273 4,638 Dolomite 2,150 2,307 2,464 1,793 1,122 882 641 687 732 640 549 601 Soda Ash Production 5,801 5,899 5,959 6,671 6,990 7,618 8,208 8,147 8,152 8,269 8,051 8,111 Soda Ash in Glass 3,130 3,085 3,084 3,152 3,343 3,390 3,294 3,177 2,997 3,082 3,095 3,150 Soda Ash in FGD 154 154 157 168 206 211 222 179 155 156 146 173 Sodium Silicate 644 621 628 717 863 736 792 740 789 755 889 952 Sodium Tripolyphosphate 607 628 555 560 532 498 526 451 419 399 426 423 Aluminum Manufacture 3,352 4,099 3,500 3,037 3,343 3,944 4,030 4,048 4,121 4,042 3,695 3,300
Sources: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Mineral Commodity Summaries (Washington, DC, various years). U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Cement Annual Report (Washington, DC, various years). American Iron and Steel Institute, Annual Statistical Report (Washington, DC, various years). U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Soda Ash Annual Report (Washington, DC, various years) (soda ash production calculated from quantity of trona ore production). U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Crushed Stone Annual Report (Washington, DC, various years). Chemical Manufacturers Association, U.S. Chemical Industry Statistical Handbook 1993 (Washington, DC, September 1993). Energy Information Administration unpublished survey data, Steam Electric Plant Operation and Design Report, Form EIA-767 (Washington, DC, various years). Freedonia Group, Inc., Carbon Dioxide, Business Research Report B286 (Cleveland, OH, November 1991), and Carbon Dioxide, Industry Study 564 (Cleveland, OH, February 1994).
Table C7. U.S. Coal Production, 1983-1994
(Million Short Tons)
NA = not available. P = preliminary data.
Mine Type 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Underground 300.4 352.1 350.8 360.4 372.9 382.2 393.8 424.5 407.2 407.2 386.4 NA Surface 481.7 543.9 532.8 529.9 545.9 568.1 586.9 604.5 588.8 590.3 560.2 NA Total 782.1 895.9 883.6 890.3 918.8 950.3 980.7 1,029.1 996.0 997.5 946.6 1,030.6
Source: Energy Information Administration, Coal Industry Annual 1993, DOE/EIA-0584(93) (Washington, DC, December 1994); and Coal Production, DOE/EIA-0118 (Washington, DC, various years).
Table C8. Activity Data for Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas Production, Processing, and Distribution, 1983-1994
*Units: Tcf = trillion cubic feet; Kbd = thousand barrels per day; Mbd = million barrels per day.
Item Units* 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Natural Gas Wellheads Thousand Wells 222 234 242 242 249 257 263 270 277 276 284 288 Producing Oil Wells Thousand Wells 603 621 647 629 620 627 607 602 610 594 584 582 Gathering Pipelines Thousand Wells 92 94 94 94 94 92 91 90 86 86 77 77 Total Gas Throughput Tcf 13 14 13 13 13 13 13 15 16 16 16 17 Total Gas Withdrawals Tcf 19 20 20 19 20 21 21 22 22 22 23 24 Transmission System Pipelines Thousand Miles 274 272 271 271 274 275 276 280 282 285 272 278 Distribution Pipeline Main Pipeline Thousand Miles 730 737 753 769 784 800 818 837 858 883 914 965 Plastic Thousand Miles 103 114 126 138 152 166 183 202 222 244 269 295 Nonplastic Thousand Miles 626 623 628 631 632 634 635 635 636 639 646 670 Service Pipeline Thousand Miles 415 436 389 400 411 449 461 474 494 494 515 515 Plastic Thousand Miles 0 0 140 151 163 201 212 226 246 246 267 267 Nonplastic Thousand Miles 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 248 Total Distribution Pipeline Thousand Miles 415 436 389 400 411 449 461 474 494 494 515 515 Marine Transport Net Crude Imports Kbd 3,329 3,426 3,201 4,178 4,674 5,107 5,843 5,894 5,782 6,083 6,787 7,063 Net Crude Exports Kbd 164 181 204 154 151 155 142 109 116 89 98 99 Alaskan Crude Production Kbd 1,714 1,722 1,825 1,867 1,962 2,017 1,874 1,773 1,798 1,714 1,582 1,559 Total Marine Transport Kbd 5,207 5,329 5,230 6,199 6,787 7,279 7,859 7,776 7,696 7,886 8,467 8,721 Refinery Crude Input Mbd 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14
NA = not available.
Sources: Natural Gas Wellheads, Total Gas Throughput, and Total Gas WithdrawalsțEnergy Information Administration, Natural Gas Annual, DOE/EIA-0131 (various years). Producing Oil WellsțWorld Oil, February issue (various years). Gathering Pipelines, Transmission Pipelines, and Distribution PipelinesțAmerican Gas Association, Gas Facts (various years). Net Crude Imports, Net Crude Exports, Refinery Crude Input, and Alaskan Crude ProductionțEnergy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Annual, DOE/EIA-0340 (various years).
Table C9. Methane Emissions Factors for Oil and Gas Production, Processing, and Distribution
*EIA estimate based on scaling of factors published in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States - Estimates for 1990, Report to Congress (Washington, DC, April 1993).
Emissions Source Coefficient Unit Reference
Oil and Gas Production Natural Gas Wellheads 0.870 Metric tons per well EIA Estimate* Oil Wells 0.072 Metric tons per well EIA Estimate* Gathering Pipelines 3.590 Metric tons per mile EIA Estimate* Gas Processing Plants 6.160 Metric tons per billion cubic feet of throughput EIA Estimate* Heaters, Separators, Dehydrators 21.870 Metric tons per billion cubic feet of gross withdrawals EIA Estimate* Transmission Pipeline 3.713 Metric tons per mile EIA Estimate* Plastic Distribution Pipeline 0.020 Metric tons per mile EPA, 1993** Nonplastic Distribution Pipeline 0.180 Metric tons per mile EPA, 1993** Gate Stations 0.092 Metric tons per mile of distribution pipeline EIA Estimate* System Upsets 0.031 Metric tons per mile of distribution pipeline EPA, 1993** Oil Refineries Fugitive Emissions 1.635 x 10-5 Short tons per barrel of refinery capacity Radian, 1992*** Tank Farms 4.37 x 10-7 Short tons per barrel of throughput Radian, 1992*** Flaring 4.00 x 10-7 Short tons per barrel of refinery capacity Radian, 1992*** Crude Transportation (Marine) 2.55 x 10-6 Short tons per barrel loaded Radian, 1992***
**U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United StatesțEstimates for 1990, Report to Congress (Washington, DC, April 1993).
***Radian Corporation, Global Emissions of Methane from Petroleum Sources, Final Report Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute (Research Triangle Park, NC, February 1992).
Table C10. U.S. Solid Waste Landfilled, 1983-1994
(Million Metric Tons)
NA = not available.
Item 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 P1994
Waste Landfilled 187.0 192.9 192.1 197.8 205.0 208.5 209.5 210.6 190.3 170.0 167.5 NA Total Waste in Place 5,323.4 5,516.2 5,708.3 5,906.2 6,111.2 6,319.7 6,529.1 6,739.7 6,930.0 7,100.0 7,267.6 NA
Sources: Municipal solid waste landfilled from Franklin Associates, Ltd., Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, Worksheets, 1992 Update (prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid and Industrial Solid Waste Division, July 1992), Personal communication with Marjorie Franklin, Franklin Associates, Ltd., May 1994, and Biocycle, Nationwide Survey: The State of Garbage in America 1988- 1994. Total MSW in place from estimates documented in Chapter 3.
Table C11. Factors Used To Estimate Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Burning of Crop Residues
Sources: A. Strehler and W. Stutzle, "Biomass Residues," in D. Hall and R. Overend (eds.), Biomass: Regenerable Energy (Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 1987), except where indicated by: (a) C. Li, S. Frolking, and R. Harriss, "Modeling Carbon Biogeochemistry in Agricultural Soils," Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 8 (September 1994); (b) E. Darley, Emission Factors From Burning Agricultural Wastes Collected in California, Final Report, CAL/ARB Project 4-011 (Riverside, CA: University of California, 1977); (c) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-1993, EPA 230-R-94-014 (Washington, DC, September 1994); (d) G. Barnard, "Use of Agricultural Residues as Fuel," in J. Pasztor and L. Kristoferson (eds.), Bioenergy and the Environment (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990).
Ratio of Residue to Dry Matter Content Carbon Content Nitrogen Content Crop Type Crop Volume (Percent) (Percent) (Percent)
Barley 1.2 85.0 45.7 0.43 Beans 2.1 85.4 c45.0 a2.30 Corn 1.0 78.0 47.1 0.81 Oats 1.3 b90.1 a42.0 a0.84 Peas 1.5 b90.2 c45.0 c2.30 Peanuts 1.0 90.1 c42.3 c1.10 Potatoes 0.4 c86.7 42.3 1.10 Rice 1.4 85.0 41.4 0.67 Rye 1.6 c90.0 c48.5 c0.70 Sorghum 1.4 88.0 a34.0 d0.85 Soybeans 2.1 86.7 a44.0 d2.30 Sugar Beets 0.2 c90.0 40.7 2.28 Sugar Cane 1.2 37.2 47.0 0.19 Wheat 1.3 85.0 48.5 0.28
Table C12. Average Pre-Slaughter Live Weights for U.S. Cattle and Calves, 1984-1994
(Pounds)
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Internet Site @gopher.usda.mannlib.cornell.edu.
Animal Class 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Cattle 1,067 1,098 1,101 1,105 1,120 1,134 1,136 1,163 1,169 1,161 1,189 Calves 230 234 239 239 252 260 281 346 376 388 384