South Africa
South Africa is the third largest exporter of coal. Coal accounts for 98 percent of South African
energy production and 78 percent of energy consumption {see Endnote 296}. South Africa ranks seventh in coal reserves {see Endnote 297}. For most of the last decade, United Nations'
sanctions have restricted the flow of foreign direct investment to South African industries. Even
in 1994, the year in which sanctions were lifted, foreign direct investment in South Africa
was less than in 1980 {see Endnote 298}. Although they are
primarily domestically-held corporations, South African coal mining companies are among the
largest
in the world. With the lifting of the U.N. sanctions in 1991, South Africa coal mining could
become
a target of foreign direct investment and a growing source of coal exports.