Note: The earlier study utilized environmental cost and expenditure data from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Pollution Abatement Costs and Expenditures: 1994, MA200(94)-1(Washington, DC, 1996), pp. 6-7, and earlier editions of the Census report. However, after 1994, Census only published data for 1999. Since the American Petroleum Institute data are continuous over the 1990 to 2001 period, they were utilized for this study. Estimates of costs and expenditures were made by applying the ratio of the American Petroleum Institute series to the corresponding Census series for the 1990-1994 overlap period to the Census values for 1988 and 1989.
Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-28 (Financial Reporting System); American Petroleum Institute, Petroleum Industry Environmental Performance (Washington, DC, May 1997); and American Petroleum Institute, U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Industry's Environmental Expenditures (Washington, DC, February 2003).
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