North America--The Energy Picture

North America
The Energy Picture

prepared by

North American Energy Working Group

June 2002

(3) North America — Energy Supply

At the end of 2000, North America had conventional crude oil reserves of about 50 billion barrels and natural gas reserves of about 290 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), roughly 5 percent of the world total for oil and about 6 percent for gas.
Mexico, with 24 billion barrels, has the largest conventional proved crude oil reserves in North America, followed by the United States (22 billion barrels) and Canada (4.4 billion barrels). In addition, Canada has vast reserves of oil sands, of which about 308 billion barrels are economically recoverable.
The United States, with 167 Tcf of gas, has the largest natural gas reserves in North America, followed by Canada (92 Tcf) and Mexico (30 Tcf). Canada’s natural gas reserves include Northern Canada and the East Coast.

Proved Reserves of Conventional Crude Oil — 2000
(Billion Barrels) Natural Gas Proved Reserves — 2000
(Trillion Cubic Feet)

At the end of 2000, North America had about 20 million barrels per day (MMbbl/d) of crude oil refining capacity. The shares included Canada (1.9 MMbbl/d), Mexico (1.6 MMbbl/d), and the United States (16.5 MMbbl/d). North American crude oil refining capacity accounts for almost 25 percent of total world refining capacity.
In 2000, North America had coal reserves of around 286 billion short tons, about 96 percent of which were located in the United States. North American coal reserves account for around 26 percent of total world coal reserves.

Crude Oil Refining Cacacity — 2000
(Million Barrels per Day) Coal Recoverable Reserves — 2000
(Billion Short Tons)

In 2000, North America had about 967 gigawatts of electric power generation capacity. The capacity shares were Canada (111 gigawatts), Mexico (37 gigawatts) and the United States (819 gigawatts).
North America generated 4,556 terawatthours of electricity in 2000, of which 46 percent was coal-fired, 18 percent nuclear, 14 percent natural gas, 15 percent hydroelectric, 5 percent oil, and 2 percent “renewable energy and other.”

Electric Power Generation Capacity — 2000
(Gigawatts) North America:
Electricity Generation by Type, 2000

North America: Electricity Generation by Type, 2000

North America produced over 14 million barrels per day (MMbbl/d) of crude oil and natural gas liquids in 2000: Canada (2.7 MMbbl/d), Mexico (3.5 MMbbl/d), and the United States (8.1 MMbbl/d).
Oil production (crude oil and natural gas liquids) in Canada and Mexico is forecast to grow through 2010, while US production is forecast in high and low economic growth cases to be somewhat lower than 2000. Canadian oil output is expected to reach 3.7 MMbbl/d, Mexican oil production is projected at around 4.6 MMbbl/d, and US oil production is forecast at 7.4-7.5 MMbbl/d.
In 2000 U.S. gas production was 19.4 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), compared to 5.9 Tcf in Canada and 1.7 Tcf in Mexico.
Natural gas production in all three North American countries is forecast to grow significantly through 2010. Mexican gas production is forecast to nearly double by 2010, to 3.2 Tcf, while Canadian gas production grows to 7 Tcf and U.S. gas production is forecast to reach about 23 Tcf to 24 Tcf (based on economic growth cases).

Oil Production
(Million Barrels per Day) Natural Gas Production
(Trillion Cubic Feet)

Oil Production (Million Barrels per Day) Natural Gas Production (Trillion Cubic Feet)

North American coal production in 2000 was about 1,166 million short tons (MMst), or about one fourth of world coal production. Mexico produced 16 MMst; Canada produced 76 MMst; and the United States produced 1,074 MMst.
Coal production in Mexico and the United States is forecast to grow through 2010. Mexican coal production reaches 24 MMst, Canadian production is 72 MMst, while U.S. coal production is expected at around 1,271-1,307 MMst (low and high economic growth cases).
North American electricity generation was about 4,556 terawatthours (Twh) in 2000. Canada generated 563 Twh; Mexico generated 193 Twh; and the United States produced about 3,800 Twh.

Coal Production
(Million Short Tons) Electricity Production
(Terawatthours — Twh)

Coal Production (Million Short Tons) Electricity Production (Terawatthours — Twh)

The United States is a major, and growing, net importer of energy. In 2000, the United States had net energy imports of over 25 quadrillion Btu (quads), up from around 12 quads in 1980 and 14 quads in 1990.
Both Canada and Mexico are net energy exporters (5 quads and 3 quads, respectively).
In 2000, the United States had more than 5 quads of net oil imports from Canada and Mexico. The United States had net imports of natural gas from Canada totaling over 3.5 quads and about 0.4 quads of electricity from Canada. In that same year, Mexico was a small importer of gas and refined petroleum products from the United States. Canada was a net importer of coal from the United States.
Canada exports about half of its total natural gas production to the United States, and these exports are growing rapidly. Canada also exports more than half its crude oil production to the United States and significant amounts of electricity.

U.S. Net Energy Imports
from Canada and Mexico — 2000

U.S. Net Energy Imports from Canada and Mexico — 2000

In 2000, about 36 percent of total U.S. net energy imports came from Canada (27 percent) and Mexico (9 percent).
Canada provided almost all United States net natural gas imports in 2000. These imports accounted for about 15 percent of U.S. gas consumption in 2000.
U.S. net oil imports from Canada and Mexico accounted for about 26 percent of U.S. net oil imports, and about 15 percent of total U.S. oil consumption in 2000.
The United States exported a small amount of natural gas and refined petroleum products to Mexico.
The United States electricity net imports meet about 1 percent of its electricity demand. Almost all electricity imports come from Canada. Mexico and the United States trade relatively small quantities of electricity. The United States is a net exporter of electricity to Mexico.

U.S. Net Energy Imports from Canada — 2000
(As Percent of U.S. Consumption
& Net Imports by Fuel Type) U.S. Net Energy Imports from Mexico — 2000
(As Percent of U.S. Consumption
& Net Imports by Fuel Type)

Proceed to (4) North America — Energy Demand

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Proved Reserves of Conventional Crude Oil — 2000 (Billion Barrels)	Natural Gas Proved Reserves — 2000 (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Crude Oil Refining Cacacity — 2000 (Million Barrels per Day)	Coal Recoverable Reserves — 2000 (Billion Short Tons)

Electric Power Generation Capacity — 2000 (Gigawatts)	North America: Electricity Generation by Type, 2000

Oil Production (Million Barrels per Day)	Natural Gas Production (Trillion Cubic Feet)

Coal Production (Million Short Tons)	Electricity Production (Terawatthours — Twh)

U.S. Net Energy Imports from Canada — 2000 (As Percent of U.S. Consumption & Net Imports by Fuel Type)	U.S. Net Energy Imports from Mexico — 2000 (As Percent of U.S. Consumption & Net Imports by Fuel Type)