End Use of Energy


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End Use of Energy: Most of All Major Energy Sources Used
by Manufacturers can be Reported by End Use

Manufacturing End-Use Categories for Major Energy Sources 1994 and 1998* (Trillion Btu)
	Total		Net Electricity		Residual Fuel Oil		Distillate and Diesel Fuel		Natural Gas		LPG		Coal
	1994	1998	1994	1998	1994	1998	1994	1998	1994	1998	1994	1998	1994	1998
Total Inputs	10,687	11,447	2,656	3,035	441	357	152	133	6,141	6,644	99	135	1,198	1,143
Indirect Uses-Boiler Fuel	3,669	3,635	28	19	313	246	42	38	2,396	2,538	15	24	875	770
Direct Uses-Total Process	5,460	6,325	2,075	2,408	106	103	51	37	2,872	3,361	54	78	302	338
Direct Uses-Total Nonprocess	1,279	1,330	457	538	14	8	49	52	726	673	25	29	8	30
End Use Not Reported	279	157	96	70	9	1	9	7	148	72	4	4	13	3
Note: All of the 1994-1998 comparisons are statistically significant. Exceptions are noted by "NS." *Does not include the Energy source. "Other" as end-use information was not obtained from manufacturers. "Other" includes net steam.
Table Notes and Data Sources

In 1998, less than 2 percent of all major energy sources was not reported by end use.

Between 1994 and 1998, the percent of each of the major energy sources used for a particular end use has remained very stable.

Comparing 1994 to 1998, electricity directly used for machine drives remained about 51 percent of all net electricity used by manufacturers (1,367 trillion Btu in 1994 and 1,560 trillion Btu in 1998).

In 1998, the 2 main uses of natural gas by manufacturers are boiler fuel (38 percent) and process heating (49 percent).

While boiler fuel and process heating are the largest end uses for residual fuel oil--96 percent of all manufacturing residual fuel oil--boiler fuel end use experienced a 21 percent decline between 1994 and 1998 as the use of residual fuel oil continues to diminish in the manufacturing sector.
Most of the LPG is used for boiler fuel, process heating, and onsite transportation-- 60, 39, and 26 trillion Btu, respectively, in 1998.
Coal use was 5 percent less in 1998 as compared to 1994 (NS)--mostly a drop in the coal used for boilers (12 percent). (Fuel use for cogeneration is reported as a boiler end use.)

For specific questions about "End Use Energy," please contact:

Stephanie J. Battles
stephanie.battles@eia.doe.gov
Phone: 202-586-7237
Fax: 202-586-0018

For specific questions about the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, please contact:

Robert Adler, Survey Manager
robert.adler@eia.doe.gov
Phone: 202-586-1134
Fax: 202-586-0018

Release Date: July 31, 2002