The U.S. iron and steel industry has reduced its process energy intensity by about 45% since 1975 through energy conservation measures, process improvements, and consolidation of the industry at product plants that are more modern. In 1994, the average intensity (excluding electricity losses) of producing semi-finished steel at integrated mills using BOF steelmaking was about 20 million Btu/ton; for EAF steel producers it was 8 million Btu/ton [AISI 1995]. The charts below, which give additional measures for steelmaking energy intensity, also illustrate the decrease of this measure over time.