Energy consumption in refineries is dominated by a few
processes that, while not the most energy-intensive, have the greatest throughput.
Atmospheric and vacuum distillation, for example, account for 35-40% of total process
energy consumption. The reason is that every barrel of crude oil entering the refinery
must be subjected to an initial separation by distillation. [DOE 1998]
|
 |
| a |
Gross energy use, which includes losses incurred during
the generation and transmission of electricity (electricity conversion factor of 10,500
Btu/kWh). Does not include hydrogen or oxygen consumption. |
| b |
Average energy use based on estimated utility requirements
for a range of technologies. |
| c |
bbls/cday=barrels per calendar day (365 days per year). |
| d |
Includes energy consumed for desalting of crude. |
| e |
Assumes 33 percent of capacity is coil type and 67 percent
is soaker type visbreakers. |
| f |
Does not include hydrogen production processes, sulfur
recovery and management processes, operation of cooling towers, and other supporting
processes. |
| n/a indicates data is not
available. |
| Source: DOE
1998 |
|
|
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