Manufacturers may conduct a number of energy management activities to improve the efficiency of energy use. In the chemical industry, the top four reported activities in 1994 included energy audits, electricity load control, equipment or facilities modification to improve lighting and other facility energy use, and purchase of electricity under special electricity rate schedules (e.g., interruptible or time-of-use rates). Overall, about 36% of the chemical population reported engaging in at least one energy-management activity. These reporting establishments used about 78% of the total chemical industry energy in 1994. [MECS 1994]