A number of general technologies can contribute to increased efficiency and productivity in manufacturing. These include computer control of building environments, computer control of processes or major energy-using equipment, waste-heat recovery, and adjustable-speed motors. About 53% of U.S. chemical establishments reported using one or more of these technologies in 1994, accounting for over 90% of total energy use. By comparison, only 28.4% of the total manufacturing population used these technologies. Most frequently cited in the chemical industry is the use of adjustable-speed motors (roughly 35% of the industry). [MECS 1994]