Table B31. Heated, Cooled, and Lit Buildings, Floorspace, 1999 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Floorspace (million square feet) | | |---------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | Heated Buildings | Cooled Buildings | Lit Buildings*** | | | Total |-------------------+-------------------+-------------------| | |Floorspa-| Total | Heated | Total | Cooled | Total | Lit | | |ce in All|Floorspa-|Floorspa-|Floorspa-|Floorspa-|Floorspa-|Floorspa-| | |Buildings| ce* | ce** | ce* | ce** | ce* | ce** | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All Buildings ................ 67,338 61,602 53,812 58,474 42,420 64,085 54,696 Building Floorspace (Square Feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ............... 6,774 5,684 5,055 4,879 3,958 5,859 4,877 5,001 to 10,000 .............. 8,238 7,090 5,744 6,212 4,333 7,421 5,583 10,001 to 25,000 ............. 11,153 9,865 8,196 9,530 6,195 10,358 8,251 25,001 to 50,000 ............. 9,311 8,565 7,439 8,116 5,767 8,986 7,528 50,001 to 100,000 ............ 10,112 9,597 8,676 9,401 6,817 9,970 8,753 100,001 to 200,000 ........... 8,271 7,893 7,144 7,609 5,832 8,183 7,537 200,001 to 500,000 ........... 6,851 6,445 5,757 6,345 4,421 6,706 6,068 Over 500,000 ................. 6,628 6,465 5,803 6,382 5,098 6,603 6,100 Principal Building Activity Education .................... 8,651 8,612 8,294 7,973 5,341 8,639 7,918 Food Sales ................... 994 880 760 978 789 992 852 Food Service ................. 1,851 1,721 1,520 1,760 1,431 1,848 1,450 Health Care .................. 2,918 2,918 2,722 2,815 2,530 2,918 2,702 - Inpatient .................. 1,865 1,865 1,740 1,762 1,580 1,865 1,757 - Outpatient ................. 1,053 1,053 983 1,053 949 1,053 945 Lodging ...................... 4,521 4,424 4,028 4,051 3,520 4,476 3,610 Mercantile ................... 10,398 9,848 8,629 10,174 8,247 10,341 9,038 - Retail (Other Than Mall) ... 4,766 4,615 3,806 4,573 3,125 4,713 3,973 - Enclosed and Strip Malls ... 5,631 5,233 4,823 5,601 5,122 5,628 5,065 Office ....................... 12,044 11,810 11,001 11,782 10,437 12,037 10,855 Public Assembly .............. 4,393 4,015 3,667 3,859 3,183 4,290 3,518 Public Order and Safety ...... 1,168 1,021 952 760 573 1,006 914 Religious Worship ............ 3,405 3,383 3,154 2,765 2,127 3,405 2,543 Service ...................... 3,388 3,027 2,594 2,481 1,239 3,336 2,785 Warehouse and Storage ........ 10,477 8,104 4,930 7,621 1,982 9,266 7,329 Other ........................ 1,222 1,086 981 1,087 791 1,176 1,052 Vacant ....................... 1,908 754 579 368 228 355 129 Year Constructed 1919 or Before ............... 4,034 3,593 3,045 2,911 1,762 3,548 2,571 1920 to 1945 ................. 6,445 5,559 4,714 4,383 2,622 5,855 4,543 1946 to 1959 ................. 9,127 8,402 7,157 7,601 4,872 8,506 6,918 1960 to 1969 ................. 10,866 9,966 8,851 9,325 6,913 10,479 9,050 1970 to 1979 ................. 11,840 10,916 9,441 11,050 8,364 11,556 10,057 1980 to 1989 ................. 13,931 12,566 11,254 12,849 10,085 13,272 11,871 1990 to 1999 ................. 11,094 10,600 9,349 10,355 7,802 10,869 9,686 Floors One .......................... 26,800 23,078 19,623 21,856 15,431 24,863 21,574 Two .......................... 16,985 15,933 13,569 15,192 10,486 16,352 13,418 Three ........................ 8,928 8,487 7,675 7,959 5,326 8,619 6,925 Four to Nine ................. 10,180 9,753 9,001 9,208 7,416 9,866 8,671 Ten or More .................. 4,445 4,351 3,943 4,259 3,761 4,386 4,108 Census Region Northeast .................... 12,360 11,667 10,574 10,311 6,656 11,778 10,074 Midwest ...................... 16,761 15,916 14,321 14,371 9,447 15,968 13,380 South ........................ 23,485 20,598 17,868 21,549 17,183 22,222 19,254 West ......................... 14,731 13,421 11,049 12,243 9,133 14,117 11,989 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Under 2,000 CDD and -- - More than 7,000 HDD ........ 5,890 5,669 5,096 4,804 2,815 5,634 4,655 - 5,500-7,000 HDD ............ 17,083 16,206 14,883 14,289 9,655 16,398 13,935 - 4,000-5,499 HDD ............ 16,243 15,292 13,492 13,999 9,830 15,438 13,256 - Fewer than 4,000 HDD ....... 16,333 14,923 12,492 14,535 11,601 15,428 13,374 2,000 CDD or More and -- - Fewer than 4,000 HDD ....... 11,788 9,512 7,850 10,847 8,519 11,187 9,476 Workers (main shift) Fewer than 5 ................. 14,321 10,552 8,307 8,704 5,791 11,225 7,855 5 to 9 ....................... 6,325 6,020 4,829 5,291 3,322 6,251 4,825 10 to 19 ..................... 8,028 7,762 6,543 7,409 4,791 7,945 6,454 20 to 49 ..................... 10,814 10,347 9,297 9,930 6,988 10,814 9,549 50 to 99 ..................... 8,898 8,536 7,711 8,519 6,345 8,898 8,128 100 to 249 ................... 8,356 8,053 7,597 8,129 6,158 8,356 7,789 250 or More .................. 10,595 10,333 9,528 10,491 9,026 10,595 10,097 Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................. 6,596 4,217 3,660 3,113 2,406 3,855 3,096 40 to 48 ..................... 13,105 12,090 9,874 11,041 7,203 13,061 10,325 49 to 60 ..................... 14,200 13,677 11,855 13,225 9,068 14,170 12,070 61 to 84 ..................... 12,458 11,787 10,474 11,701 8,870 12,312 10,831 85 to 167 .................... 9,116 8,399 7,480 8,528 6,079 8,905 7,971 Open Continuously ............ 11,863 11,432 10,469 10,866 8,794 11,784 10,402 Vacancy Status Completely Vacant ............ 953 Q Q Q Q N N Mostly Vacant ................ 956 522 375 212 95 355 129 Partially Vacant ............. 15,520 13,856 11,851 13,797 10,745 14,616 12,297 Not At All Vacant ............ 49,910 46,992 41,382 44,309 31,446 49,114 42,270 Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 65,716 61,565 53,800 58,474 42,420 64,085 54,696 Natural Gas .................. 45,525 44,385 39,168 42,147 30,553 44,877 38,486 Fuel Oil ..................... 13,285 13,074 11,792 12,185 8,821 13,192 11,786 District Heat ................ 5,891 5,862 5,571 5,165 4,370 5,891 5,348 District Chilled Water ....... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523 Propane ...................... 6,290 6,076 5,068 5,415 3,359 6,255 5,288 Other ........................ 2,322 2,276 1,996 2,069 1,438 2,292 2,015 Space-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 32,291 32,291 27,585 30,961 23,462 31,953 27,516 Natural Gas .................. 37,902 37,893 33,395 35,080 24,720 37,436 32,042 Fuel Oil ..................... 5,611 5,611 5,042 4,638 2,618 5,518 4,746 District Heat ................ 5,534 5,534 5,330 4,844 4,119 5,534 5,074 Propane ...................... 2,728 2,728 2,284 2,191 1,542 2,692 2,193 Other ........................ 945 945 798 779 516 936 767 Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity .................. 17,627 17,627 14,742 17,160 13,699 17,444 14,990 Natural Gas .................. 32,729 32,729 28,846 30,003 20,630 32,288 27,652 Fuel Oil ..................... 3,719 3,719 3,278 2,912 1,514 3,635 3,043 District Heat ................ 5,077 5,077 4,887 4,392 3,733 5,077 4,661 Propane ...................... 2,107 2,107 1,772 1,631 1,183 2,072 1,698 Other ........................ 343 343 286 263 146 335 252 Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 55,545 53,459 46,741 55,545 39,881 55,007 47,392 Natural Gas .................. 1,914 1,898 1,719 1,914 1,485 1,914 1,644 District Chilled Water ....... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Buildings with Space Heating . 61,602 61,602 53,812 56,361 40,905 60,850 52,296 Buildings with Cooling ....... 58,474 56,361 49,482 58,474 42,420 57,936 50,055 Buildings with Water Heating . 56,115 54,204 48,070 52,589 38,844 55,586 48,125 Buildings with Cooking ....... 24,681 23,813 22,090 23,730 19,070 24,647 21,920 Buildings with Manufacturing . 3,126 3,031 2,250 2,861 1,338 3,069 2,750 Buildings with Electricity _Generation .................. 11,882 11,643 10,702 11,538 9,415 11,857 10,840 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ................... 5,736 N N 2,113 1,514 3,235 2,400 1 to 50 ...................... 7,593 7,593 2,009 6,619 2,220 7,361 5,091 51 to 99 ..................... 10,745 10,745 8,538 9,939 7,067 10,725 8,796 100 .......................... 43,264 43,264 43,264 39,802 31,618 42,764 38,409 Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ................... 8,864 5,242 4,330 N N 6,149 4,641 1 to 50 ...................... 16,846 16,193 11,547 16,846 3,975 16,693 13,033 51 to 99 ..................... 16,966 16,637 14,935 16,966 13,783 16,930 14,678 100 .......................... 24,662 23,531 23,000 24,662 24,662 24,314 22,344 Percent Lit When Open Zero ......................... 173 Q Q Q Q N N 1 to 50 ...................... 9,187 8,175 5,728 7,379 3,853 9,187 3,267 51 to 99 ..................... 20,665 19,950 17,807 19,348 14,402 20,665 17,195 100 .......................... 34,233 32,725 29,701 31,209 23,763 34,233 34,233 Building Never Open/ _Electricity Not Used ........ 3,080 679 515 472 369 N N Percent Lit When Closed Zero ......................... 20,771 18,394 15,115 16,581 10,754 19,428 15,591 1 to 50 ...................... 30,950 29,724 26,410 28,964 21,215 30,723 26,740 51 to 100 .................... 2,160 2,015 1,806 2,064 1,657 2,151 1,963 Building Never Closed/ _Electricity Not Used ........ 13,457 11,469 10,481 10,866 8,794 11,784 10,402 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................... 8,923 8,923 7,819 8,766 7,104 8,870 7,803 Furnaces ..................... 14,449 14,449 11,825 12,819 7,866 14,304 11,385 Individual Space Heaters ..... 17,349 17,349 14,759 15,708 10,273 17,129 14,722 District Heat ................ 5,534 5,534 5,330 4,844 4,119 5,534 5,074 Boilers ...................... 19,522 19,522 18,039 17,947 12,574 19,431 17,008 Packaged Heating Units ....... 25,743 25,743 22,846 25,134 19,505 25,512 22,714 Other ........................ 4,073 4,073 3,469 3,592 2,702 3,951 3,453 Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central _Air Conditioners ............ 8,329 8,010 6,610 8,329 5,473 8,265 6,712 Heat Pumps ................... 9,147 9,052 7,986 9,147 7,321 9,120 8,032 Individual Air Conditioners .. 14,276 13,754 11,898 14,276 8,142 14,055 11,626 District Chilled Water ....... 2,750 2,739 2,646 2,750 2,522 2,750 2,523 Central Chillers ............. 12,909 12,560 11,667 12,909 11,235 12,857 11,898 Packaged Air Conditioning _Units ....................... 36,527 35,247 31,221 36,527 27,481 36,161 31,889 Swamp Coolers ................ 2,219 2,190 1,877 2,219 1,495 2,218 1,955 Other ........................ 1,312 1,257 1,086 1,312 1,061 1,308 1,191 Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................. 38,156 36,640 32,450 34,584 26,287 38,064 32,075 Standard Fluorescent ......... 60,344 57,516 50,532 55,007 39,913 60,131 51,708 Compact Fluorescent .......... 20,666 20,127 18,151 19,829 15,888 20,634 18,239 High Intensity Discharge ..... 19,223 18,821 16,715 18,076 11,899 19,219 17,379 Halogen ...................... 17,926 17,373 15,378 17,093 13,013 17,896 15,671 Other ........................ 1,004 973 858 953 772 989 865 Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Multipaned Windows ........... 38,193 36,962 33,278 35,476 26,242 37,480 32,817 Tinted, Reflective, or _Shading Glass ............... 29,915 28,777 25,703 28,721 22,459 29,583 26,485 HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ... 19,387 18,942 17,271 19,009 15,881 19,331 17,477 Economizer Cycle ............. 21,256 21,107 19,797 21,256 17,589 21,187 19,542 HVAC Maintenance ............. 53,395 51,983 46,550 50,309 37,457 53,044 46,432 Energy Management and _Control System (EMCS) ....... 21,613 21,252 19,858 20,817 17,232 21,556 19,942 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors .......... 19,994 19,222 17,451 19,014 14,249 19,982 17,737 Electronic Ballasts .......... 42,035 40,417 35,695 39,347 29,192 42,003 36,594 Skylights or Atriums ......... 18,286 17,062 14,656 16,646 11,530 17,841 15,652 Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ...................... 39,969 39,969 34,786 36,639 26,172 39,476 33,799 Cooling ...................... 39,161 37,743 32,819 39,161 27,834 38,743 33,060 Lighting ..................... 51,083 48,300 41,790 46,004 32,484 51,083 43,394 Office Equipment ............. 9,063 8,802 8,247 8,748 6,215 9,052 8,424 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *"Total Floorspace" refers to al floorspace in heated, cooled or lit buildings, including the floorspace that was not heated, cooled, or lit. **"Heated Floorspace," "Cooled Floorspace," and "Lit Floorspace" refer only to the portion of the floorspace in these buildings that was heated, cooled, or lit. ***Data in "Lit Buildings" are for only floorspace lit when the building was open. Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. N=No responding cases in sample. Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.