Table B1. Summary Table: Totals and Means of Floorspace, Number of Workers and Hours of Operation, 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | | Total | Total | Mean | | | | | |Floorspa-| Workers | Square | | | | | All | ce | in All |Feet per | Mean | | | |Buildings|(million |Buildings| Bldg | Square | Mean | | |(thousan-| square |(thousan-|(thousan-|Feet per |Hours per| | | d) | feet) | d) | d) | Worker | Week | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ All Buildings ................ 4,657 67,338 81,852 14.5 823 60 Building Floorspace (Square Feet) 1,001 to 5,000 ............... 2,348 6,774 11,125 2.9 609 57 5,001 to 10,000 .............. 1,110 8,238 10,968 7.4 751 53 10,001 to 25,000 ............. 708 11,153 11,378 15.7 980 65 25,001 to 50,000 ............. 257 9,311 9,243 36.2 1,007 78 50,001 to 100,000 ............ 145 10,112 12,777 69.9 791 80 100,001 to 200,000 ........... 59 8,271 8,856 139.4 934 90 200,001 to 500,000 ........... 23 6,851 8,798 296.3 779 101 Over 500,000 ................. 7 6,628 8,707 929.0 761 110 Principal Building Activity Education .................... 327 8,651 8,927 26.4 969 50 Food Sales ................... 174 994 980 5.7 1,014 118 Food Service ................. 349 1,851 4,031 5.3 459 84 Health Care .................. 127 2,918 6,219 22.9 469 66 - Inpatient .................. 11 1,865 3,350 168.2 557 165 - Outpatient ................. 116 1,053 2,869 9.1 367 56 Lodging ...................... 153 4,521 2,356 29.5 1,919 150 Mercantile ................... 667 10,398 11,384 15.6 913 65 - Retail (Other Than Mall) ... 534 4,766 4,668 8.9 1,021 62 - Enclosed and Strip Malls ... 133 5,631 6,716 42.2 838 77 Office ....................... 739 12,044 28,969 16.3 416 53 Public Assembly .............. 305 4,393 3,147 14.4 1,396 54 Public Order and Safety ...... 72 1,168 1,702 16.2 686 95 Religious Worship ............ 307 3,405 1,654 11.1 2,059 29 Service ...................... 478 3,388 4,554 7.1 744 63 Warehouse and Storage ........ 603 10,477 6,216 17.4 1,685 49 Other ........................ 102 1,222 1,453 12.0 841 49 Vacant ....................... 253 1,908 261 7.6 Q Q Year Constructed 1919 or Before ............... 419 4,034 3,911 9.6 1,031 46 1920 to 1945 ................. 499 6,445 5,925 12.9 1,088 52 1946 to 1959 ................. 763 9,127 9,832 12.0 928 52 1960 to 1969 ................. 665 10,866 12,886 16.3 843 63 1970 to 1979 ................. 774 11,840 15,842 15.3 747 64 1980 to 1989 ................. 846 13,931 19,828 16.5 703 69 1990 to 1999 ................. 690 11,094 13,628 16.1 814 64 Floors One .......................... 2,879 26,800 29,908 9.3 896 58 Two .......................... 1,168 16,985 18,749 14.5 906 61 Three ........................ 420 8,928 9,545 21.3 935 60 Four to Nine ................. 178 10,180 15,069 57.2 676 85 Ten or More .................. 11 4,445 8,582 386.9 518 97 Census Region and Division Northeast .................... 686 12,360 14,407 18.0 858 66 - New England ................ 208 3,735 3,889 18.0 960 59 - Middle Atlantic ............ 479 8,625 10,518 18.0 820 69 Midwest ...................... 1,188 16,761 18,279 14.1 917 56 - East North Central ......... 782 11,205 11,668 14.3 960 56 - West North Central ......... 406 5,556 6,611 13.7 840 56 South ........................ 1,762 23,485 29,186 13.3 805 58 - South Atlantic ............. 748 11,001 14,051 14.7 783 57 - East South Central ......... 396 5,220 5,908 13.2 884 65 - West South Central ......... 618 7,264 9,226 11.8 787 56 West ......................... 1,021 14,731 19,981 14.4 737 62 - Mountain ................... 315 4,579 5,201 14.5 880 54 - Pacific .................... 705 10,152 14,780 14.4 687 66 Climate Zone: 45-Year Average Under 2,000 CDD and -- - More than 7,000 HDD ........ 525 5,890 5,857 11.2 1,006 62 - 5,500-7,000 HDD ............ 986 17,083 18,323 17.3 932 60 - 4,000-5,499 HDD ............ 1,085 16,243 22,136 15.0 734 60 - Fewer than 4,000 HDD ....... 1,134 16,333 21,145 14.4 772 60 2,000 CDD or More and -- - Fewer than 4,000 HDD ....... 926 11,788 14,393 12.7 819 57 Workers (main shift) Fewer than 5 ................. 2,376 14,321 4,240 6.0 3,377 52 5 to 9 ....................... 807 6,325 5,313 7.8 1,190 60 10 to 19 ..................... 683 8,028 8,588 11.8 935 65 20 to 49 ..................... 487 10,814 14,098 22.2 767 74 50 to 99 ..................... 174 8,898 11,427 51.1 779 81 100 to 249 ................... 90 8,356 12,617 92.4 662 80 250 or More .................. 39 10,595 25,569 270.0 414 96 Weekly Operating Hours 39 or Fewer .................. 978 6,596 3,517 6.7 1,876 11 40 to 48 ..................... 1,156 13,105 15,619 11.3 839 43 49 to 60 ..................... 986 14,200 20,714 14.4 686 55 61 to 84 ..................... 664 12,458 16,147 18.7 772 74 85 to 167 .................... 474 9,116 10,796 19.2 844 104 Open Continuously ............ 398 11,863 15,060 29.8 788 168 Ownership and Occupancy Nongovernment Owned .......... 4,135 54,994 67,787 13.3 811 60 - Owner Occupied ............. 2,801 37,785 46,555 13.5 812 63 - Nonowner Occupied .......... 1,099 15,596 21,233 14.2 735 66 - Unoccupied ................. 236 1,613 0 6.8 . 0 Government Owned ............. 521 12,343 14,065 23.7 878 57 Vacancy Status Completely Vacant ............ 140 953 0 6.8 . 0 Mostly Vacant ................ 113 956 261 8.5 Q Q Partially Vacant ............. 697 15,520 20,518 22.3 756 53 Not At All Vacant ............ 3,707 49,910 61,073 13.5 817 65 Number of Establishments One .......................... 3,528 43,343 48,677 12.3 890 63 2 to 5 ....................... 688 10,582 12,379 15.4 855 61 6 to 10 ...................... 114 3,574 6,580 31.4 543 73 11 to 20 ..................... 48 3,260 5,965 68.0 547 76 More than 20 ................. 27 4,811 8,251 175.2 583 77 Currently Unoccupied ......... 251 1,769 0 7.0 0 0 Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 4,395 65,716 81,768 15.0 804 62 Natural Gas .................. 2,670 45,525 56,264 17.1 809 65 Fuel Oil ..................... 434 13,285 19,583 30.6 678 68 District Heat ................ 117 5,891 8,654 50.2 681 83 District Chilled Water ....... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81 Propane ...................... 451 6,290 6,349 14.0 991 59 Wood ......................... 79 570 578 7.2 986 69 Coal ......................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Solar ........................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Other ........................ 69 1,563 2,578 22.7 606 56 Space-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 1,880 32,291 43,236 17.2 747 65 Natural Gas .................. 2,380 37,902 45,992 15.9 824 63 Fuel Oil ..................... 377 5,611 6,542 14.9 858 61 District Heat ................ 96 5,534 8,116 57.7 682 79 Propane ...................... 307 2,728 2,428 8.9 1,123 51 Wood ......................... 66 377 338 5.7 1,115 70 Coal ......................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Solar ........................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Other ........................ 26 409 760 15.8 538 50 Primary Space-Heating Energy Source Electricity .................. 1,128 17,627 25,423 15.6 693 70 Natural Gas .................. 2,189 32,729 39,164 15.0 836 62 Fuel Oil ..................... 302 3,719 4,247 12.3 875 60 District Heat ................ 77 5,077 7,008 66.0 724 85 Propane ...................... 282 2,107 1,907 7.5 1,105 49 Wood ......................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Coal ......................... Q Q Q Q Q Q Other ........................ Q Q Q Q Q Q Cooling Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 3,450 55,545 72,764 16.1 763 65 Natural Gas .................. 142 1,914 2,846 13.5 672 75 District Chilled Water ....... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81 Water-Heating Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 1,546 24,171 33,505 15.6 721 62 Natural Gas .................. 1,520 29,196 35,930 19.2 813 72 Fuel Oil ..................... 110 2,218 2,905 20.2 763 75 District Heat ................ 62 4,182 5,870 67.5 712 102 Propane ...................... 130 1,371 1,465 10.5 936 77 Cooking Energy Sources (more than one may apply) Electricity .................. 437 13,733 18,369 31.4 748 89 Natural Gas .................. 505 16,785 21,352 33.2 786 81 Propane ...................... 118 1,754 2,187 14.9 802 72 Energy End Uses (more than one may apply) Buildings with Space Heating . 4,016 61,602 78,082 15.3 789 63 Buildings with Cooling ....... 3,560 58,474 77,367 16.4 756 66 Buildings with Water Heating . 3,239 56,115 73,385 17.3 765 68 Buildings with Cooking ....... 857 24,681 31,603 28.8 781 81 Buildings with Manufacturing . 151 3,126 4,351 20.7 718 56 Buildings with Electricity Generation .................. 172 11,882 18,904 69.3 629 93 Percent of Floorspace Heated Not Heated ................... 641 5,736 3,770 8.9 1,521 38 1 to 50 ...................... 576 7,593 5,239 13.2 1,449 57 51 to 99 ..................... 627 10,745 13,056 17.1 823 71 100 .......................... 2,813 43,264 59,787 15.4 724 63 Percent of Floorspace Cooled Not Cooled ................... 1,097 8,864 4,485 8.1 1,976 41 1 to 50 ...................... 1,012 16,846 14,146 16.6 1,191 61 51 to 99 ..................... 751 16,966 23,833 22.6 712 73 100 .......................... 1,796 24,662 39,388 13.7 626 65 Percent Lit When Open Zero ......................... 34 173 Q 5.1 3,151 92 1 to 50 ...................... 835 9,187 4,917 11.0 1,868 58 51 to 99 ..................... 1,228 20,665 28,668 16.8 721 67 100 .......................... 2,096 34,233 47,951 16.3 714 67 Building Never Open/ Electricity Not Used ........ 464 3,080 261 6.6 11,787 10 Percent Lit When Closed Zero ......................... 2,174 20,771 21,669 9.6 959 43 1 to 50 ...................... 1,688 30,950 41,943 18.3 738 61 51 to 100 .................... 143 2,160 3,096 15.1 698 73 Building Never Closed/ Electricity Not Used ........ 652 13,457 15,143 20.7 889 108 Heating Equipment (more than one may apply) Heat Pumps ................... 492 8,923 12,616 18.1 707 63 Furnaces ..................... 1,460 14,449 15,845 9.9 912 54 Individual Space Heaters ..... 894 17,349 19,140 19.4 906 61 District Heat ................ 96 5,534 8,116 57.7 682 79 Boilers ...................... 581 19,522 24,374 33.6 801 72 Packaged Heating Units ....... 1,347 25,743 32,224 19.1 799 70 Other ........................ 185 4,073 7,008 22.1 581 75 Cooling Equipment (more than one may apply) Residential-Type Central Air Conditioners ............ 676 8,329 10,136 12.3 822 59 Heat Pumps ................... 485 9,147 13,463 18.8 679 64 Individual Air Conditioners .. 799 14,276 16,652 17.9 857 66 District Chilled Water ....... 50 2,750 4,637 55.4 593 81 Central Chillers ............. 130 12,909 21,586 99.7 598 84 Packaged Air Conditioning Units ....................... 1,953 36,527 48,283 18.7 757 68 Swamp Coolers ................ 136 2,219 2,425 16.3 915 63 Other ........................ 49 1,312 1,838 26.7 714 61 Main Equipment Replaced Since 1995 (more than one may apply) Heating ...................... 984 13,220 16,913 13.4 782 64 Cooling ...................... 1,085 17,390 23,164 16.0 751 67 Lighting Equipment Types (more than one may apply) Incandescent ................. 2,193 38,156 49,616 17.4 769 67 Standard Fluorescent ......... 3,778 60,344 77,862 16.0 775 65 Compact Fluorescent .......... 607 20,666 30,075 34.1 687 76 High Intensity Discharge ..... 430 19,223 21,658 44.8 888 73 Halogen ...................... 572 17,926 25,668 31.3 698 73 Other ........................ 58 1,004 1,393 17.5 720 73 Water Heating Equipment Centralized System ........... 2,472 35,579 45,136 14.4 788 68 Distributed System ........... 566 10,899 14,348 19.3 760 64 Combination of Centralized and Distributed System ...... 200 9,637 13,902 48.1 693 84 Personal Computers None ......................... 1,617 9,583 4,785 5.9 2,003 48 1 to 4 ....................... 1,636 13,853 12,711 8.5 1,090 65 5 to 9 ....................... 542 6,528 7,485 12.0 872 62 10 to 19 ..................... 403 7,514 9,200 18.7 817 64 20 to 49 ..................... 247 8,087 9,668 32.7 836 76 50 to 99 ..................... 105 5,867 7,268 55.9 807 68 100 to 249 ................... 71 6,818 9,574 96.0 712 77 250 or More .................. 36 9,088 21,162 252.4 429 89 Photocopiers None ......................... 2,825 21,631 18,897 7.7 1,145 57 One .......................... 1,114 12,928 12,963 11.6 997 62 2 to 4 ....................... 540 15,620 16,785 28.9 931 68 5 to 9 ....................... 102 5,384 8,217 52.6 655 68 10 or More ................... 75 11,774 24,991 156.7 471 79 Other Electronic Equipment (more than one may apply) Laser Printers ............... 1,949 46,567 66,979 23.9 695 66 FAX Machines ................. 2,807 54,764 74,706 19.5 733 68 Medical Diagnostic Equipment . 86 2,493 5,625 29.1 443 61 Energy-Related Space Functions (more than one may apply) Commercial Food Preparation .. 767 23,328 30,350 30.4 769 82 Activities with Large Amounts of Hot Water ........ 698 21,793 25,850 31.2 843 91 Building Shell Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Multipaned Windows ........... 2,130 38,193 49,935 17.9 765 64 Tinted, Reflective, or Shading Glass ............... 1,283 29,915 43,137 23.3 694 65 HVAC Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Variable Air-Volume System ... 550 19,387 30,546 35.3 635 75 Economizer Cycle ............. 567 21,256 32,923 37.5 646 77 HVAC Maintenance ............. 2,786 53,395 71,290 19.2 749 68 Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) ....... 460 21,613 31,767 47.0 680 76 Lighting Conservation Features (more than one may apply) Specular Reflectors .......... 843 19,994 28,787 23.7 695 72 Electronic Ballasts .......... 2,167 42,035 55,879 19.4 752 68 Skylights or Atriums ......... 580 18,286 21,158 31.5 864 62 Off-Hour Equipment Reduction (more than one may apply) Heating ...................... 2,862 39,969 50,855 14.0 786 52 Cooling ...................... 2,622 39,161 52,130 14.9 751 55 Lighting ..................... 3,675 51,083 65,064 13.9 785 54 Office Equipment ............. 184 9,063 12,473 49.2 727 56 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Q=Data withheld because the Relative Standard Error (RSE) was greater than 50 percent, or fewer than 20 buildings were sampled. Note: Due to rounding, data may not sum to totals. Source: Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, Form EIA-871A of the 1999 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey.