Turkey is playing an increasingly important role in the transit of oil and gas supplies. Sources include Russia, the Caspian region, and the Middle East routed westward to Europe. Additionally, growing volumes of Russian and Caspian oil are being sent by tanker via the Bosporus Straits to Western markets while a terminal on Turkey's Mediterranean coast at Ceyhan allows the country to export oil from northern Iraq and Azerbaijan.

Oil consumption, at 35 percent, accounted for the majority of Turkish energy consumption in 2006, followed by natural gas at 29 percent. Coal comprised 25 percent, followed by hydroelectric and renewable consumption at 11 percent. Nuclear electric energy consumption was zero in 2006.