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Table 1
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Military Clashes in the South China Sea* Since 1970
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Date
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Countries
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Military Action
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| 1974 |
China, Vietnam |
China seized the Paracels from Vietnam, with 18 of its troops killed in clashes on one of the islands. |
| 1988 |
China, Vietnam |
Chinese and Vietnamese navies clashed at Johnson Reef in the Spratlys. Several Vietnamese boats were sunk and over 70 sailors killed. |
| 1992 |
China, Vietnam |
Vietnam accused China of landing troops on Da Luc Reef. China seized almost 20 Vietnamese cargo ships transporting goods from Hong Kong from June - September. |
| 1994 |
China, Vietnam |
China and Vietnam had naval confrontations within Vietnam's internationally recognized territorial waters over Vietnam's Tu Chinh oil exploration blocks 133, 134, and 135. Chinese claim the area as part of their Wan' Bei-21 (WAB-21) block. |
| 1995 |
China, Philippines |
China occupied Philippine-claimed Mischief Reef. Philippine military evicted the Chinese in March and destroyed Chinese markers. |
| 1995 |
Taiwan, Vietnam |
Taiwanese artillery fired on a Vietnamese supply ship. |
| 1996 |
China, Philippines |
In January, Chinese vessels engaged in a 90-minute gun battle with a Philippine navy gunboat near the island of Capone, off the west coast of Luzon, north of Manila. |
| 1997 |
China, Philippines |
The Philippine navy ordered a Chinese speedboat and two fishing boats to leave Scarborough Shoal in April; the Philippine navy later removed Chinese markers and raised its flag. China sent three warships to survey the Philippine-occupied islands of Panata and Kota. |
| 1998 |
Philippines, Vietnam |
In January, Vietnamese soldiers fired on a Philippine fishing boat near Tennent (Pigeon) Reef. |
| 1999 |
China, Philippines |
In May, a Chinese fishing boat was sunk in a collision with Philippine warship. In July, another Chinese fishing boat was sunk in a collision with a Philippine warship. |
| 1999 |
China, Philippines |
In May, Chinese warships were accused of harassing a Philippine navy vessel after it ran aground near the Spratlys. |
| 1999 |
Philippines, Vietnam |
In October, Vietnamese troops fired upon a Philippine air force plane on reconnaissance in the Spratlys. |
| 1999 |
Malaysia, Philippines |
In October, Philippine defense sources reported that 2 Malaysian fighter planes and 2 Philippine air force surveillance planes nearly engaged over a Malaysian-occupied reef in the Spratlys. The Malaysian Defense Ministry stated that it was not a stand-off. |
| 2000 |
China, Philippines |
In May, Philippine troops opened fire on Chinese fishermen, killing one and arresting 7. |
| 2001 |
China, Philippines |
During first three months, the Filipino navy boarded 14 Chinese flagged boats, confiscated their catches, and ejected vessels out of contested portions of the Spratlys. |
| 2001 |
China, Philippines |
In March, the Philippines sent a gunboat to Scarborough Shoal to, "to ward off any attempt by China to erect structures on the rock". |
| 2002 |
Philippines, Vietnam |
In August, Vietnamese troops fired warning shots at Filipino military reconnaissance planes circling over the Spratlys. |
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* The South China Sea is defined by the International Hydrographic Organization as the body of water stretching in a Southwest to Northeast direction, whose southern border is 3 degrees South latitude between South Sumatra and Kalimantan (Karimata Straits), and whose northern border is the Strait of Taiwan from the northern tip of Taiwan to the Fujian coast of China.
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Table 2
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Oil and Gas by Country of the South China Sea Region*
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| Country |
Proven Oil Reserves (Billion Barrels) |
Proven Gas Reserves (Trillion Cubic Feet) |
Oil Production (Thousand Barrels/Day) |
Gas Production (Billion Cubic Feet/Day) |
| Brunei |
1.1 |
13.8 |
203.5 |
366 |
| Cambodia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| China |
16 |
80 |
3,684.4 |
1,960 |
| Indonesia |
4.37 |
93.9 |
892.5 |
2,613 |
| Malaysia |
4.0 |
83.0 |
750.8 |
2,218 |
| Philippines |
0.14 |
3.5 |
15.2 |
88 |
| Singapore |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Taiwan |
<0.01 |
.22 |
1.0 |
28 |
| Thailand |
0.5 |
11.7 |
186.9 |
858 |
| Vietnam |
0.6 |
6.8 |
344.6 |
162 |
| Total |
26.7 |
279.1 |
6,078.9 |
8,293 |
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*All data is for the entire country. Note: Neither the Spratlys nor the Paracels have proven reserves. Proved oil and natural gas reserves are as of 1/01/2008. Oil production is a 2006 average. Oil supply includes crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, and other liquids. Natural gas production is a 2006 projection.
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Map 1
Competing Claims in the South China Sea Region
Source: CIA Maps and Publications for the Public
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