| Head of State |
King Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz al-Sa'ud (succeeded to throne on August 1, 2005) |
| Crown Prince |
Sultan bin Abdul Aziz (named on August 1, 2005) |
| Location/Size |
Between the Arabian Gulf and the Red Sea/865,000 square miles (about 1/4 the size of the United States) |
| Major Cities |
Riyadh (royal capital), Jeddah (administrative capital), Mecca, Medina, Dammam, Jubayl, Buraydah |
| Independence |
September 23, 1932 (unification) |
| Population (2006E) |
24.5 million, including an estimated 6.5 million foreign nationals |
| Languages |
Arabic |
| Ethnic Group(s) |
Arab (90%), Afro-Asian (10%) |
| Religion |
Muslim (100%) - predominantly Sunni, with a minority Shi'ite population mainly concentrated in eastern Saudi Arabia |
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| Current Account Balance (2005E), (2006E) (2007E) |
$90.1 billion, $95.5 billion, $105 billion |
| Official Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold (October 2006E): |
$26.1 billion (note the country has significantly more in listed as “foreign assets") |
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| Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources: |
Ali bin Ibrahim al-Naimi (since 8/95) |
| Minister of Water and Electricity |
Abdallah al-Husayn (since 4/04) |
| Proven Oil Reserves (January 1, 2007E) |
259.8 billion barrels (includes half of Divided/"Neutral" Zone) |
| Total Oil Production – including the NZ (2006E) |
10.7 million barrels per day (bbl/d), of which 9.2 million bbl/d was crude oil, 1.5 million bbl/d was natural gas liquids (NGLs), and 80,000 bbl/d was "other liquids" (including MTBE) |
| Total Oil Production – including the NZ (2005E) |
11.1 million barrels per day (bbl/d), of which 9.6 million bbl/d was crude oil, 1.5 million bbl/d was natural gas liquids (NGLs), and 80,000 bbl/d was "other liquids" (including MTBE) |
| OPEC Crude Oil Production Quota (effective 7/01/2005) |
9.099 million bbl/d. OPEC has since assigned Saudi Arabia production (but not quota) cuts of 380,00 bbl/d (effective November 1, 2006) and 158,000 bbl/d (effective February 1, 2007). |
| Crude Oil Production Capacity (12/06 E) |
10.5-11.0 million bbl/d |
| Oil Consumption (2006E) |
2.1 million bbl/d |
| Spare Capacity (12/06E) |
1.7-2.2 million bbl/d, to increase on Feb 1 |
| Crude Oil Refining Capacity (January 1, 2007E) |
2.1 million bbl/d |
| Net Oil Exports (2003E), (2004E), (2005E), (2006E) |
7.7 million bbl/d, 8.1 million bbl/d, 8.6 million bbl/d, 8.8 million bbl/d |
| Major Oil Importers (2005E, approximate net exports) |
United States (1.5 million bbl/d); OECD Europe (1.4 million bbl/d); Japan (1.5 million bbl/d – OPEC says differently ); South Korea (835,000 bbl/d); India (around 350,000-400,000 bbl/d); China (over 410,000 bbl/d) –; Taiwan (over 200,000 bbl/d) |
| Proven Natural Gas Reserves (January 1, 2007E) |
240 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) (includes half of NZ) |
| Natural Gas Production/Consumption (2004E) |
2.32 Tcf |
| Electricity Installed Capacity (2004E) |
29.1 Gigawatts (all thermal) |
| Electricity Generation (2004E) |
155.3 billion kilowatt-hours (Bkwh) |
| Electricity Consumption (2003E) |
144.4 billion kilowatt-hours (Bkwh) |
| Total Energy Production (2004E) |
21.2 quadrillion Btu* (5.5% of world total energy production). |
| Total Energy Consumption (2004E) |
6.1 quadrillion Btu* (1.4% of world total energy consumption) |
| Total Per Capita Energy Consumption (2004E) |
236.5 million Btu (vs. U.S. value of 342.7 million Btu) |
| Energy Intensity (2004E) |
17,554 Btu/$ -- PPP (vs U.S. value of 9,336 Btu/$)** |
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| Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) |
365.1 million metric tons (1.3% of world carbon dioxide emissions) |
| Per-Capita, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) |
14.2 metric tons (vs. U.S. value of 20.2 metric tons of carbon dioxide) |
| Carbon Dioxide Intensity (2003E) |
1.05 metric tons/thousand $ -- PPP (vs U.S. value of 0.55 metric tons/thousand $)** |
| Environmental Issues |
Desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills. |
| Major Environmental Agreements |
A Non-Annex I country, party to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (ratified December 28th, 1994), Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea and Ozone Layer Protection. Ratified the Kyoto Protocol on December 21, 2004.. |
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| Organization |
The Supreme Petroleum Council governs the nationalized oil industry, including Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco) crude production and some natural gas production, refining/processing and marketing; Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC) for petrochemicals |
| Major Oil/Gas Terminals |
Ras Tanura Facility (world's largest offshore oil loading facility, on the Persian Gulf; over 6 million bbl/d capacity total, Ras Tanura Port capacity is 2.5 million bbl/d ), Ras al-Ju'aymah (on the Persian Gulf northwest of Ras Tanura, part of the larger facility; 3-3.6 million bbl/d capacity, highest volume offshore loading facility), Yanbu (on the Red Sea, fed by Petroline; over 6 million bbl/d capacity – of which 4.5 million bbl/d crude, remainder products/LPG), Jubail, Jiddah (on Red Sea south of Yanbu), Jizan (on Persian Gulf, refined products), Ras al-Khafji (on Persian Gulf in the Saudi-Kuwaiti Divided/"Neutral" Zone, crude oil), Rabigh (on Red Sea, north of Jiddah, crude oil and refined products), Zuluf (offshore Persian Gulf, linked to Zuluf oil field) |
| Major Oil Fields |
Abqaiq, Abu Saafa, Berri, Ghawar, Khursaniya, Najd, Qatif, Safaniya, Shaybah, Zuluf (in addition, Khurais and Manifa are partially developed and are being brought back online) |
| Major Pipelines (capacity – million bbl/d) |
Domestic: Abqaiq-Yanbu Petroline (5.0), Abqaiq-Yanbu NGL line (0.3); International: Saudi Arabia-Bahrain (estimated 0.7) , Saudi Arabia-Iraq or IPS (1.6 -- closed since August 1990), TransArabia Tapline (0.5 -- closed since 1984), New Arabia: under construction, will replace pipeline to Bahrain |
| Major Refineries (capacity January 1, 2007E) |
Aramco - Rabigh 400,000 bbl/d, Ras Tanura 550,000 bbl/d, Yanbu 235,000 bbl/d, Riyadh, 120,000 bbl/d, Jeddah 85,000 bbl/d; Saudi Aramco/Mobil - Yanbu 400,000 bbl/d; Petromin/Shell - al-Jubail 305,000 bbl/d; Mina Saud (Mothballed), Arabian Oil Company (Japan) - Ras al-Khafji (30,000 bbl/d – mothballed in 2005) |
| Major Gas Processing Facilities (capacity, 2006E) |
Haradh (1.5 Bcfd), Hawiya ( 1.4 Bcfd.), Uthmaniya (2.5 Bcfd), Shedgum (2.4 Bcfd), Berri, Juaymah, Yanbu (all condensates, NGLs) |
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* The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.
**GDP figures from OECD estimates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
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