| Head of Government |
Prime Minister Romano Prodi (since May 2006) |
| Location |
Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia |
| Independence |
17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870) |
| Population (2007E) |
58,147,733 |
|
| Currency/Exchange Rate (2006) |
1 euro (EUR) = $0.796 |
| Inflation Rate (2006E) |
2.3% |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP, 2006E) |
$1.9 trillion |
| Real GDP Growth Rate (2006E) |
1.9% |
| Unemployment Rate (2006E) |
7% |
| External Debt (2006E) |
$2.0 trillion |
| Exports (2006E) |
$415 billion |
| Exports - Commodities |
engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals |
| Exports - Partners (2004E) |
Germany 13.7%, France 12.1%, US 8%, Spain 7.3%, UK 6.9%, Switzerland 4.1% |
| Imports (2006E) |
$427 billion |
| Imports - Commodities |
engineering products, chemicals, transport equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles and clothing; food, beverages and tobacco |
| Imports - Partners (2004E) |
Germany 18.1%, France 10.7%, Netherlands 5.8%, Spain 4.7%, Belgium 4.4%, UK 4.3%, China 4.1% |
| Current Account Balance (2006E) |
-$42 billion |
|
| Proven Oil Reserves (January 1, 2007E) |
0.6 trillion |
| Oil Production (2006E) |
151 thousand barrels per day |
| Oil Consumption (2006E) |
1,700 thousand barrels per day |
| Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (2007E) |
2.3 million bbl/d |
| Proven Natural Gas Reserves (January 1, 2007E) |
5.8 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Production (2004E) |
0.5 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Consumption (2004E) |
2.8 trillion cubic feet |
| Recoverable Coal Reserves (2004E) |
37 million short tons |
| Coal Production (2004E) |
0.2 million short tons |
| Coal Consumption (2004E) |
28.3 million short tons |
| Electricity Installed Capacity (2004E) |
71.4 gigawatts |
| Electricity Production (2004E) |
277.6 billion kilowatthours |
| Electricity Consumption (2004E) |
303.8 billion kilowatthours |
| Total Energy Consumption (2004E) |
8.3 quadrillion Btus |
| Total Per Capita Energy Consumption (2004E) |
142.3 million Btus |
| Energy Intensity (2004E) |
6,044 Btus per $2000, PPP** |
|
| Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2004E) |
485.0 million metric tons |
| Per-Capita, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2004E) |
8.4 metric tons |
| Carbon Dioxide Intensity (2004E) |
0.4 metric tons per $2000, PPP** |
| Environmental Issues |
air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities |
| Major Environmental Agreements |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling |
|
| Organization |
Eni, partially state-owned, is the most important company in the industry. Smaller stakes by domestic and foreign companies. |
| Major Oil/Gas Ports |
Brindisi, Taranto, Livorno, Priolo |
| Foreign Company Involvement |
BP, Shell, Total, Endesa |
| Major Pipelines (capacity, Mmcf/d) |
Monte Alpi (150,000 bbl/d), Transmed (2.33 Bcf/d), TENP, TAG, Greenstream (970 Mmcf/d) |
| Major Refineries (capacity, bbl/d) |
Sarroch (300,000), Milazzo (241,300), Melilli (238,000), Priolo (225,000) |
|
* The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.
**GDP figures from OECD estimates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
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