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| Head of Government |
Angela Merkel (since November 22, 2005) |
| Location |
Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark |
| Independence |
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991 |
| Population (2005E) |
82,431,390 |
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| Currency/Exchange Rate (DATE(S)) |
1 euro (EUR) = $1.279 |
| Inflation Rate (2004E, 2005E) |
1.7%, 2.0% |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP, 2005E) |
$2.8 trillion |
| Real GDP Growth Rate (2004E, 2005E) |
0.8%, 1.1% |
| Unemployment Rate (2005E) |
11.7% |
| External Debt (2005E) |
$3.6 trillion |
| Exports (2005E) |
$970 billion |
| Exports - Commodities |
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Exports - Partners (2004E) |
France 10.2%, US 8.8%, UK 8.2%, Italy 7.2%, Netherlands 6.3%, Belgium 5.7%, Austria 5.4%, Spain 5% |
| Imports (2005E) |
$770 billion |
| Imports - Commodities |
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals |
| Imports - Partners (2004E) |
France 9.2%, Netherlands 8.7%, US 6.5%, Italy 6.1%, UK 5.8%, Belgium 5.8%, China 5.3%, Austria 4.3% |
| Current Account Balance (2005E) |
$120 billion |
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| Proven Oil Reserves (January 1, 2006E) |
0.4 billion barrels |
| Oil Production (2006E) |
172.4 thousand barrels per day, of which 39% was crude oil. |
| Oil Consumption (2005E) |
2.6 million barrels per day |
| Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (2006E) |
2.4 million barrels per day |
| Proven Natural Gas Reserves (January 1, 2006E) |
9.1 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Production (2004E) |
0.6 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Consumption (2004E) |
3,575.7 billion cubic feet |
| Recoverable Coal Reserves (2003E) |
7,428.5 million short tons |
| Coal Production (2004E) |
232.7 million short tons |
| Coal Consumption (2004E) |
279.9 million short tons |
| Electricity Installed Capacity (2004E) |
118.9 gigawatts |
| Electricity Production (2004E) |
566.9 billion kilowatt hours |
| Electricity Consumption (2004E) |
524.6 billion kilowatt hours |
| Total Energy Consumption (2004E) |
14.7 quadrillion Btus*, of which Oil (37%), Natural Gas (24%), Coal (24%), Nuclear (11%), Other Renewables (3%), Hydroelectricity (1%) |
| Total Per Capita Energy Consumption (2003E) |
172.7 million Btus |
| Energy Intensity (2004E) |
7,174.8 Btu per $2000-PPP** |
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| Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2004E) |
862.2 million metric tons, of which Oil (40%), Coal (38%), Natural Gas (22%) |
| Per-Capita, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2004E) |
10.5 metric tons |
| Carbon Dioxide Intensity (2004E) |
0.4 Metric tons per thousand $2000-PPP** |
| Environmental Issues |
emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive |
| Major Environmental Agreements |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Organization |
Privitized. Major domestic companies include Ruhr Oel, E.On-Ruhrgas, Wintershall, Wingas |
| Major Oil/Gas Ports |
Rostock, Wilhelmshaven, Luebeck, Emden, Dornum |
| Foreign Company Involvement |
Royal Dutch Shell, ExxonMobil, Total |
| Major Oil Fields (production, bbl/d) |
Mittelplate |
| Major Natural Gas Fields (production, Bcf/d) |
A6-B4 (128) |
| Major Pipelines (capacity, Mmcf/d) |
MVL (380,000 bbl/d), NDO (150,000 bbl/d), NOW (300,000 bbl/d), TAL (690,000 bbl/d), RRP (690,000 bbl/d); MIDAL (1.2 Bcf/d), NETRA (2.1 Bcf/d), RHG, WEGAL, JAGAL (2.3 Bcf/d), SEL, STEGAL (1.2 Bcf/d), MEGAL (2.1 Bcf/d), TENP |
| Major Refineries (capacity, bbl/d) |
Karlsruhe (302,000), Gelsenkirchen (271,900), Neustadt (262,300) Leuna-Spergau (225,000), Schwedt (220,000), Wilhelmshaven (220,000) |
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* The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.
**GDP figures from OECD estimates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
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