| Chief of State |
Mohammed Hosni Mubarak (since October 1981) |
| Head of Government |
Ahmed Nazif (since July 2006) |
| Location |
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula |
| Independence |
28 February 1922 (from UK) |
| Population (2006E) |
78.9 |
| Languages |
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes |
| Religion |
Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6% |
| Ethnic Group(s) |
Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1% |
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| Currency/Exchange Rate (6/29/06) |
Egyptian Pound (LE) / LE 5.7 = $1 U.S. |
| Inflation Rate (2005E) |
4.3% |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP, 2005E) |
$92.6 Billion |
| Real GDP Growth Rate (2005) |
4.9% |
| Unemployment Rate (2005) |
10% |
| External Debt (2005E) |
$28.95 Billion |
| Exports (2005E) |
$14.33 |
| Exports - Commodities |
crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals |
| Exports - Partners (2004E) |
Italy 13.1%, US 11.6%, UK 7.5%, Germany 5.1%, Spain 4.5%, France 4.2% |
| Imports (2005E) |
$24.1 Billion |
| Imports - Commodities |
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels |
| Imports - Partners (2004E) |
US 13.2%, Germany 7.2%, Italy 7.1%, France 6.1%, China 5.5%, UK 4.9%, Saudi Arabia 4.4% |
| Current Account Balance (2005E) |
2.9 Billion |
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| Proven Oil Reserves (January 1, 2006E) |
3.7 billion barrels |
| Oil Production (2006E) |
684 thousand barrels per day, of which 81% was crude oil. |
| Oil Consumption (2005E) |
595.5 thousand barrels per day |
| Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (2006E) |
726.3 thousand barrels per day |
| Proven Natural Gas Reserves (January 1, 2006E) |
58.5 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Production (2004E) |
1.1 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Consumption (2004E) |
1.1 tillion cubic feet |
| Recoverable Coal Reserves (2003E) |
23.1 million short tons |
| Coal Production (2003E) |
0.1 million short tons |
| Coal Consumption (2003E) |
1.2 million short tons |
| Electricity Installed Capacity (2003E) |
17.7 gigawatts |
| Electricity Production (2003E) |
84.3 billion kilowatt hours |
| Electricity Consumption (2003E) |
78.2 billion kilowatt hours |
| Total Energy Consumption (2003E) |
2.3 quadrillion Btus*, of which Oil (50%), Natural Gas (41%), Hydroelectricity (6%), Coal (1%), Nuclear (0%), Other Renewables (0%) |
| Total Per Capita Energy Consumption (2003E) |
32.3 million Btus |
| Energy Intensity (2003E) |
9,212.9 Btu per $2000-PPP** |
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| Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) |
135.2 million metric tons, of which Oil (58%), Natural Gas (40%), Coal (2%) |
| Per-Capita, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) |
1.9 metric tons |
| Carbon Dioxide Intensity (2003E) |
0.5 Metric tons per thousand $2000-PPP** |
| Environmental Issues |
agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources |
| Major Environmental Agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Organization |
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| Major Oil/Gas Ports |
Alexandria, Port Said, Sidi Kerir, Ras Shukheir, Suez, Ain Sukhna |
| Foreign Company Involvement |
Apache, British Gas, BP-Amoco, Deminex, TotalFina-Elf, ENI-Agip, Exxon-Mobil, Marathon, Norsk Hydro, Novus, Repsol, Royal Dutch Shell, Samsung, Texaco |
| Major Oil Fields (production, bbl/d) |
Belayim Marine (164,000 bbl/d), October (85,000 bbl/d), Khalda (71,000 bbl/d), Morgan (40,000 bbl/d), Qarun (25,000 bbl/d), Ashrafi (16,000 bbl/d) |
| Major Natural Gas Fields (production, Bcf/d) |
Abu Madi, Abu Qir/North Abu Qir, Shukheir, Badreddin |
| Major Pipelines (capacity, Mmcf/d) |
Sumed pipeline (3.1 million bbl/d) |
| Major Refineries (capacity, bbl/d) |
Cairo Petroleum Refining Company -- Mostorod (145,000 bbl/d), Tanta (54,000 bbl/d); El-Nasr Petroleum Company - Suez (146,300 bbl/d), Wadi Feran (10,000 bbl/d); Alexandria Petroleum Company - El Mex (115,000 bbl/d); Ameriya Petroleum Refining Co. (78,000 bbl/d); Suez Oil Processing Company - Suez (66,400 bbl/d); Assiut Petroleum Refining Co. (47,000 bbl/d); Middle East Oil Refinery (MIDOR) (100,000 bbl/d). |
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* The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.
**GDP figures from OECD estimates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
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