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| President |
Hu Jintao (since March 2003) |
| Premier |
Wen Jibao (since March 2003) |
| Location |
Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam |
| Independence |
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) |
| Population (2005E) |
1,306,313,812 |
| Languages |
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry) |
| Religion |
Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4% note: officially atheist (2002 est.) |
| Ethnic Group(s) |
Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1% |
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| Exchange Rate (August 8, 2006) |
1 Chinese Yuan Renmimbi = 0.125 USD |
| Inflation Rate (2004E, 2005E, 2006F) |
3.9%, 1.8%, 2.2% |
| Gross Domestic Product (2005E) |
$2.23 trillion |
| Real GDP Growth Rate (2004E, 2005E, 2006F) |
10.1%, 9.9%, 9.9% |
| Unemployment Rate (2005E) |
4.2% |
| External Debt (2005E) |
$252.8 billion |
| Exports (2005E) |
$779.7 billion |
| Exports - Commodities |
machinery and equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron and steel |
| Exports - Partners (2004E) |
US 22.8%, Hong Kong 16.2%, Japan 12.4%, South Korea 4.4%, Germany 4% |
| Imports (2005E) |
$649.7 billion |
| Imports - Commodities |
machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel |
| Imports - Partners (2004E) |
Japan 16.1%, Taiwan 10.9%, South Korea 10.4%, US 7.7%, Hong Kong 7.4%, Germany 5.4% |
| Current Account Balance (2005E) |
$160.8 billion |
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| Proven Oil Reserves (January 1, 2006E) |
18.3 billion barrels |
| Oil Production (2006E) |
3,806.2 thousand barrels per day, of which 96% was crude oil. |
| Oil Consumption (2005E) |
6,899.6 thousand barrels per day |
| Crude Oil Distillation Capacity (2006E) |
6,246 thousand barrels per day |
| Proven Natural Gas Reserves (January 1, 2006E) |
53.3 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Production (2004E) |
1.4 trillion cubic feet |
| Natural Gas Consumption (2004E) |
1,350.5 billion cubic feet |
| Recoverable Coal Reserves (2003E) |
126,214.7 million short tons |
| Coal Production (2004E) |
2,156.4 million short tons |
| Coal Consumption (2004E) |
2,062.4 million short tons |
| Electricity Installed Capacity (2004E) |
391.4 gigawatts |
| Electricity Production (2004E) |
2,079.7 billion kilowatt hours |
| Electricity Consumption (2004E) |
1,927 billion kilowatt hours |
| Total Energy Consumption (2004E) |
59.6 quadrillion Btus*, of which Coal (69%), Oil (22%), Hydroelectricity (6%), Natural Gas (3%), Nuclear (1%), Other Renewables (0%) |
| Total Per Capita Energy Consumption (2003E) |
34.9 million Btus |
| Energy Intensity (2004E) |
9,080.4 Btu per $2000-PPP** |
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| Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) |
3,541 million metric tons, of which Coal (81%), Oil (17%), Natural Gas (2%) |
| Per-Capita, Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2003E) |
2.7 metric tons |
| Carbon Dioxide Intensity (2004E) |
0.7 Metric tons per thousand $2000-PPP** |
| Environmental Issues |
air pollution (sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species |
| Major Environmental Agreements |
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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| Organization |
China’s oil and gas industry is dominated by three state-owned holding companies: the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC); the China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation (Sinopec); and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). |
| Major Oil/Gas Ports |
Shanghai, Zhanjiang, Zhuhai, Guangzhou, Xiamen (Amoy), Hangzhou, Qingdao, Dalian, Tianjin |
| Foreign Company Involvement |
Agip, Apache, BP, ChevronTexaco, ConocoPhillips, Eni, ExxonMobil, Husky Energy, Kerr-McGee, Mitsubishi, Royal Dutch Shell, Saudi Aramco, Total |
| Major Oil Fields (production, bbl/d) |
Daqing (929,268), Shengli (535,531), Liaohe (256,991), Xinjiang (222,524), Changqing (162,422) |
| Major Natural Gas Basins |
Tarim (Xinjiang), Sichuan, Ordos (Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia) |
| Major Refineries (capacity, bbl/d) |
Zhenhai (403,000), Ningbo (320,000), Maoming (270,000), Nanjing (270,000), Lanzhou (250,000), Shanghai (226,000 and 176,000), Dalian (210,000 and 160,000), Fushu (200,000), Beijing (170,000), Heilongjiang (160,000 and 120,000), Guangzhou (154,000), Liaoyang (150,000) |
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* The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.
**GDP figures from OECD estimates based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
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