Table FE2.  Selected Externality Values Used by State Public Utility Commissions

       States                         SO2             NOx             CO2             N2O             PM10

                                 $/ton   ¢/kWh    $/ton  ¢/kWh   $/ton   ¢/kWh   $/ton   ¢/kWh   $/ton   ¢/kWh
	
California Nonattainment Areas:
   S. Cal. Ed/S.D. G&E........  23,490    1.90   31,448   6.92    9.00    0.94      -      -     6,804    0.04
   Pacific G&E................   4,486    0.36    9,120   2.01    9.00    0.94      -      -     2,624    0.02
 California Attainment Areas..   1,720    0.14    1,720   0.38    9.00    0.94      -      -     4,608    0.03
 Massachusetts[a].............   1,700    0.30    7,200   2.09   24.00    2.40  4,400     cu         -       -
 Minnesota[b].................
   Low........................       0    0.00       59   0.02    5.99    0.60      -      -         -       -
   High.......................     300    0.05    1,640   0.48   13.60    1.36      -      -         -       -
 Nevada.......................   1,716    0.14    7,480   1.65   24.00    2.50  4,554     cu     4,598     0.03
 New York.....................   1,437    0.25    1,897   0.55    1.00    0.10      -      -         -       -
 Oregon[b]
   Low........................       -      -     2,000   0.44   10.00    1.04      -      -         -       -
   High.......................       -      -     5,000   1.10   40.00    4.16      -      -         -       -
Wisconsin.....................       -      -         -      -   15.00    1.50  2,700     cu         -       -
  

   [a]In December 1994, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that the State public utility commission had no authority to require
the use of these values and they are no longer in effect.
   [b]States use a range of externality values.
   SO2 = sulfur dioxide, NOx = nitrogen oxides, PM10 = particulate matter with diameter less than 10 microns, CO2 = carbon dioxide,
N2O = nitrous oxide.
   S. Cal. Ed./S.D.G.&E = Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric.
   - = Not applicable; externality value not required by public utility commission.
   cu:  No conversion because emissions data not unavailable.
   Note:  Conversions of dollars per ton to cents per kilowatthour are estimates by Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  The estimates
assume that all electric power plants involved burn pulverized coal, that power plants east of the Mississippi River burn bituminous
eastern coal, and that power plants west of the Mississippi River burn subbituminous western coal. Cents-per-kilowatthour value for
SO2 in the service area of Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric is derived by multiplying ($23,490 per ton) x
(0.81 tons per gigawatthour) and converting to cents per kilowatthour (1.9). 
   Source:  Oak Ridge National Laboratory, The Impact of Environmental Externality Requirements on Renewable Energy unpublished report
prepared for the Energy Information Administration (Oak Ridge, Tennessee, July 1994), Table A-1.