Home > Electricity > Electricity Publications > Electric Power Annual 2000 Volume II > HTML Data Tables > Table A3
 Date of Data: 2000
 Report Released: November 2002
 Next Release Date: January 2003

Table A3. Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors
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Fuel Boiler Type/ Firing Configuration Emission Factors
Sulfur Dioxide1 Nitrogen Oxides2 Carbon Dioxide3
Utility        
Coal and Other Solid Fuels   lbs lbs lbs per
    per ton per ton 106 Btu
  Bituminous4 cyclone 38.00 x S 33.0 See Table A4
   fluidized bed5 31.00 x S 5.0 See Table A4
   spreader stoker 38.00 x S 11.0 See Table A4
   tangential 38.00 x S 15.0(14) See Table A4
   all others 38.00 x S 22.0(31) See Table A4
  Subbituminous4 cyclone 35.00 x S 17.0 See Table A4
   fluidized bed5 31.00 x S 5.0 See Table A4
   spreader stoker 38.00 x S 8.8 See Table A4
   tangential 35.00 x S 8.4 See Table A4
   all others 35.00 x S 12.0(24) See Table A4
  Lignite4 cyclone 30.00 x S 15.00 See Table A4
   fluidized bed 10.00 x S 3.60 See Table A4
   front/opposed 30.00 x S 13.00 See Table A4
   spreader stoker 30.00 x S 5.80 See Table A4
   tangential 30.00 x S 7.10 See Table A4
   all others 30.00 x S 7.10(13) See Table A4
  Petroleum Coke6   fluidized bed5 39.00 x S 21.00 225.13
   all others 39.00 x S 21.00 225.13
  Refuse all types 3.90 5.00 199.82
  Wood all types 0.08 1.50 0.00
Petroleum and Other Liquid Fuels   lbs per lbs per lbs per
    103 gal 103 gal 106 Btu
  Residual Oil7 tangential 157.00 x S 32.00 173.72
   vertical 157.00 x S 47.00 173.72
   all others 157.00 x S 47.00 173.72
  Distillate Oil7 all types 150.00 x S 24.00 161.27
  Methanol all types See Table A5 See Table A5 138.15
  Propane (liquid) all types 86.5 19.00 139.04
  Coal-Oil Mixture all types See Table A5 See Table A5 173.72
Natural Gas and Other Gaseous        
  Fuels   lbs per lbs per lbs per
    106 cf 106 cf 106 Btu
  Natural Gas tangential 0.60 170.00 116.38
   all others 0.60 280.00 116.38
  Blast Furnance Gas all types 950.00 280.00 116.38
Nonutility        
Coal and Other Solid Fuels   lbs lbs lbs per
    per ton per ton 106 Btu
  Anthracite Culm all types 39.00 x S 1.80 See Table A4
  Bituminous4 all types 38.00 x S 22.00 See Table A4
  Bituminous Gob all types 38.00 x S 22.00 See Table A4
  Subituminous all types 35.00 x S 12.00 See Table A4
  Lignite4 all types 30.00 x S 12.00 See Table A4
  Lignite Waste all types 30.00 x S 12.00 See Table A4
  Peat all types 30.00 x S 12.00 0
  Agricultural Waste all types See Table A5 See Table A5 0
  Black Liquor all types See Table A5 See Table A5 0
  Chemicals all types See Table A5 See Table A5 0
  Closed Loop Biomass all types See Table A5 See Table A5 0
  Internal all types See Table A5 See Table A5 0
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1/ Uncontrolled sulfur dioxide emission factors.  "x S" indicates that the constant must be multiplied by the percentage (by weight) of sulfur in the fuel.  Sulfur dioxide emission estimates from facilities with flue gas desulfurization equipment are calculated by multiplying uncontrolled emission estimates by one minus the reported sulfur removal efficiencies.  Sulfur dioxide emission factors also account for small quantities of sulfur trioxide and gaseous sulfates.
2/ Parenthetic values are for wet bottom boilers; otherwise dry bottom boilers.  If bottom type is unknown, dry bottom is assumed.  Emission factors are for boilers with a gross heat rate of 100 million Btu per hour or greater.  See Table A6 for nitrogen oxide reduction factors used to calculate controlled nitrogen oxide emission estimates.
3/ Uncontrolled carbon dioxide emission estimates are reduced by 1 percent to account for unburned carbon.
4/ Coal types are categorized by Btu content as follows: bituminous (greater than or equal to 9,750 Btu per pound), subbituminous (equal to 7,500 to 9,750 Btu per pound), and lignite (less than 7,500 Btu per pound).
5/ Sulfur dioxide emission estimates from fluidized bed boilers assume a sulfur removal efficiency of 90 percent.
6/ Emission factors for petroleum coke are assumed to be the same as those for anthracite.  If the sulfur content of petroleum coke is unknown, a 6 percent sulfur content is assumed.
7/ Oil types are categorized by Btu content as follows: heavy (greater than or equal to 144,190 Btu per gallon), and light (less than 144,190 Btu per gallon). cf = Cubic Feet. gal = Gallons. lbs = Pounds.
       Sources: · For sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide factors: Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, Fifth Edition (through Supplement E), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, July, 1999.  · For carbon dioxide factors: Energy Information Administration, "Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 1998," November 1999.


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   Roger Sacquety
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