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Summary Statistics for the United States                      
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Table ES1.  Summary Statistics for the United States, 1997 through 2008
Description 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
Net Generation (thousand megawatthours)
Coal[1] 1,985,801 2,016,456 1,990,511 2,012,873 1,978,301 1,973,737 1,933,130 1,903,956 1,966,265 1,881,087 1,873,516 1,845,016
Petroleum[2] 46,243 65,739 64,166 122,225 121,145 119,406 94,567 124,880 111,221 118,061 128,800 92,555
Natural Gas[3] 882,981 896,590 816,441 760,960 710,100 649,908 691,006 639,129 601,038 556,396 531,257 479,399
Other Gases[4] 11,707 13,453 14,177 13,464 15,252 15,600 11,463 9,039 13,955 14,126 13,492 13,351
Nuclear 806,208 806,425 787,219 781,986 788,528 763,733 780,064 768,826 753,893 728,254 673,702 628,644
Hydroelectric Conventional[5] 254,831 247,510 289,246 270,321 268,417 275,806 264,329 216,961 275,573 319,536 323,336 356,453
Other Renewables[6] 126,212 105,238 96,525 87,329 83,067 79,487 79,109 70,769 80,906 79,423 77,088 77,183
Wind 55,363 34,450 26,589 17,811 14,144 11,187 10,354 6,737 5,593 4,488 3,026 3,288
Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic 864 612 508 550 575 534 555 543 493 495 502 511
Wood and Wood Derived Fuels[7] 37,300 39,014 38,762 38,856 38,117 37,529 38,665 35,200 37,595 37,041 36,338 36,948
Geothermal 14,951 14,637 14,568 14,692 14,811 14,424 14,491 13,741 14,093 14,827 14,774 14,726
Other Biomass[8] 17,734 16,525 16,099 15,420 15,421 15,812 15,044 14,548 23,131 22,572 22,448 21,709
Pumped Storage[9] -6,288 -6,896 -6,558 -6,558 -8,488 -8,535 -8,743 -8,823 -5,539 -6,097 -4,467 -4,040
Other[10] 11,692 12,231 12,974 12,821 14,232 14,045 13,527 11,906 4,794 4,024 3,571 3,612
All Energy Sources 4,119,388 4,156,745 4,064,702 4,055,423 3,970,555 3,883,185 3,858,452 3,736,644 3,802,105 3,694,810 3,620,295 3,492,172
Net Summer Generating Capacity (megawatts)
Coal[1]  313,322 312,738 312,956 313,380 313,020 313,019 315,350 314,230 315,114 315,496 315,786 313,624
Petroleum[2]  57,445 56,068 58,097 58,548 59,119 60,730 59,651 66,162 61,837 60,069 66,282 72,463
Natural Gas[3]  397,432 392,876 388,294 383,061 371,011 355,442 312,512 252,832 219,590 195,119 180,288 176,471
Other Gases[4]  1,995 2,313 2,256 2,063 2,296 1,994 2,008 1,670 2,342 1,909 1,520 1,525
Nuclear 100,755 100,266 100,334 99,988 99,628 99,209 98,657 98,159 97,860 97,411 97,070 99,716
Hydroelectric Conventional[5]  77,930 77,885 77,821 77,541 77,641 78,694 79,356 78,916 79,359 79,393 79,151 79,415
Other Renewables[6]  38,493 30,069 24,113 21,205 18,717 18,153 16,710 16,101 15,572 15,942 15,444 15,351
Wind 24,651 16,515 11,329 8,706 6,456 5,995 4,417 3,864 2,377 2,252 1,720 1,610
Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic 536 502 411 411 398 397 397 392 386 389 335 334
Wood and Wood Derived Fuels[7]  6,864 6,704 6,372 6,193 6,182 5,871 5,844 5,882 6,147 6,795 6,802 6,924
Geothermal 2,256 2,214 2,274 2,285 2,152 2,133 2,252 2,216 2,793 2,846 2,893 2,893
Other Biomass[11] 4,186 4,134 3,727 3,609 3,529 3,758 3,800 3,748 3,869 3,660 3,694 3,590
Pumped Storage[9]  21,858 21,886 21,461 21,347 20,764 20,522 20,371 19,664 19,522 19,565 19,518 19,310
Other[12] 942 788 882 887 746 684 686 519 523 1,023 810 774
All Energy Sources 1,010,171 994,888 986,215 978,020 962,942 948,446 905,301 848,254 811,719 785,927 775,868 778,649
Demand, Capacity Resources, and Capacity Margins – Summer
Net Internal Demand (megawatts) 744,151 766,786[R]  776,479[R]  746,470 692,908 696,752 696,376 674,833 680,941 653,857 638,086 618,389
Capacity Resources (megawatts) 956,581 914,397[R]  891,226[R]  882,125 875,870 856,131 833,380 788,990 808,054 765,744 744,670 737,855
Capacity Margins (percent) 22.2 16.1[R]  12.9[R]  15.4 20.9 18.6 16.4 14.5 15.7 14.6 14.3 16.2
Fuel Consumption of Fossil Fuels for Electricity Generation
Coal (thousand tons)[1]  1,042,335 1,046,795 1,030,556 1,041,448 1,020,523 1,014,058 987,583 972,691 994,933 949,802 946,295 931,949
Petroleum (thousand barrels)[2]  80,932 112,615 110,634 206,785 203,494 206,653 168,597 216,672 195,228 207,871 222,640 159,715
Natural Gas (millions of cubic feet)[3]  6,895,843 7,089,342 6,461,615 6,036,370 5,674,580 5,616,135 6,126,062 5,832,305 5,691,481 5,321,984 5,081,384 4,564,770
Other Gases (millions of Btu)[4]  96,757 114,904 114,665 109,916 135,144 156,306 131,230 97,308 125,971 126,387 124,988 119,412
Consumption of Fossil Fuels for Thermal Output in Combined Heat and Power Facilities
Coal (thousand tons)[1]  22,168 22,810 23,227 23,833 24,275 17,720 17,561 18,944 20,466 20,373 20,320 21,005
Petroleum (thousand barrels)[2]  12,016 19,775 20,371 24,408 25,870 17,939 14,811 18,268 22,266 26,822 28,845 28,802
Natural Gas (millions of cubic feet)[3]  793,537 872,579 942,817 984,340 1,052,100 721,267 860,019 898,286 985,263 982,958 949,106 868,569
Other Gases (millions of Btu)[4]  203,236 214,321 226,464 238,396 218,295 137,837 146,882 166,161 230,082 223,713 208,828 187,680
Consumption of Fossil Fuels for Electricity Generation and Useful Thermal Output
Coal (thousand tons)[1]  1,064,503 1,069,606 1,053,783 1,065,281 1,044,798 1,031,778 1,005,144 991,635 1,015,398 970,175 966,615 952,955
Petroleum (thousand barrels)[2]  92,948 132,389 131,005 231,193 229,364 224,593 183,408 234,940 217,494 234,694 251,486 188,517
Natural Gas (millions of cubic feet)[3]  7,689,380 7,961,922 7,404,432 7,020,709 6,726,679 6,337,402 6,986,081 6,730,591 6,676,744 6,304,942 6,030,490 5,433,338
Other Gases (millions of Btu)[4]  299,993 329,225 341,129 348,312 353,438 294,143 278,111 263,469 356,053 350,100 333,816 307,092
Stocks at Electric Power Sector Facilities (year end)
Coal (thousand tons)[13] 161,589 151,221 140,964 101,137 106,669 121,567 141,714 138,496 102,296 141,604 120,501 98,826
Petroleum (thousand barrels)[14] 44,498 47,203 51,583 50,062 51,434 53,170 52,490 57,031 40,932 54,109 56,591 51,138
Receipts of Fuel at Electricity Generators[15]
Coal (thousand tons)[1]  1,069,709 1,054,664 1,079,943 1,021,437 1,002,032 986,026 884,287 762,815 790,274 908,232 929,448 880,588
Petroleum (thousand barrels)[2]  96,341 88,347 100,965 194,733 186,655 185,567 120,851 124,618 108,272 145,939 181,276 128,749
Natural Gas (millions of cubic feet)[16] 7,879,046 7,200,316 6,675,246 6,181,717 5,734,054 5,500,704 5,607,737 2,148,924 2,629,986 2,809,455 2,922,957 2,764,734
Cost of Fuel at Electricity Generators (cents per million Btu)[15] 
Coal[1]  207 177 169 154 136 128 125 123 120 122 125 127
Petroleum[2]  1,087 717 623 644 429 433 334 369 418 236 202 273
Natural Gas[16]  902 711 694 821 596 539 356 449 430 257 238 276
Emissions (thousand metric tons)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 2,477,213 2,539,805[R]  2,481,829[R]  2,536,675[R]  2,479,971[R]  2,438,338[R]  2,417,327[R]  2,412,030[R]  2,464,550[R]  2,360,424[R]  2,345,951[R]  2,253,783[R] 
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)[17] 7,830 9,042 9,524 10,340 10,309 10,646 10,881 11,174 11,963 12,843 13,464 13,480
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)[17]  3,330 3,650 3,799 3,961 4,143 4,532 5,194 5,290 5,638 5,955 6,459 6,500
Trade (million megawatthours)
Purchases 5,613 5,411 5,503 6,092 6,999 6,980 8,755 7,555 2,346 2,040 2,021 1,966
Sales for Resale 5,681 5,479 5,493 6,072 6,759 6,921 8,569 7,345 2,355 1,998 1,922 1,839
Electricity Imports and Exports (thousand megawatthours)
Imports 57,021 51,396 42,691 44,527 34,210 30,395 36,779 38,500 48,592 43,215 39,513 43,031
Exports 24,083 20,144 24,271 19,791 22,898 23,975 15,796 16,473 14,829 14,222 13,656 8,974
Retail Sales and Revenue Data – Bundled and Unbundled
Number of Ultimate Customers (thousands)
Residential 124,937 123,950 122,471 120,761 118,764 117,280 116,622 114,890 111,718 110,383 109,048 107,066
Commercial 17,563 17,377 17,172 16,872 16,607 16,550 15,334 14,867 14,349 14,074 13,887 13,542
Industrial 775 794 760 734 748 713 602 571 527 553 540 563
Transportation 1 1 1 1 1 1 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Other NA NA NA NA NA NA 1,067 1,030 974 935 933 952
All Sectors 143,276 142,122 140,404 138,367 136,119 134,544 133,624 131,359 127,568 125,945 124,408 122,123
Sales to Ultimate Customers (thousand megawatthours)
Residential 1,379,981 1,392,241 1,351,520 1,359,227 1,291,982 1,275,824 1,265,180 1,201,607 1,192,446 1,144,923 1,130,109 1,075,880
Commercial 1,335,981 1,336,315 1,299,744 1,275,079 1,230,425 1,198,728 1,104,497 1,083,069 1,055,232 1,001,996 979,401 928,633
Industrial 1,009,300 1,027,832 1,011,298 1,019,156 1,017,850 1,012,373 990,238 996,609 1,064,239 1,058,217 1,051,203 1,038,197
Transportation 7,700 8,173 7,358 7,506 7,224 6,810 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Other NA NA NA NA NA NA 105,552 113,174 109,496 106,952 103,518 102,901
All Sectors 3,732,962 3,764,561 3,669,919 3,660,969 3,547,479 3,493,734 3,465,466 3,394,458 3,421,414 3,312,087 3,264,231 3,145,610
Direct Use 173,481 159,254 146,927 150,016 168,470 168,295 166,184 162,649 170,943 171,629 160,866 156,239
Total Disposition 3,906,443 3,923,814 3,816,845 3,810,984 3,715,949 3,662,029 3,631,650 3,557,107 3,592,357 3,483,716 3,425,097 3,301,849
Revenue From Ultimate Customers (million dollars)   
Residential 155,433 148,295 140,582 128,393 115,577 111,249 106,834 103,158 98,209 93,483 93,360 90,704
Commercial 138,469 128,903 122,914 110,522 100,546 96,263 87,117 85,741 78,405 72,771 72,575 70,497
Industrial 68,920 65,712 62,308 58,445 53,477 51,741 48,336 50,293 49,369 46,846 47,050 47,023
Transportation 827 792 702 643 519 514 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Other NA NA NA NA NA NA 7,124 8,151 7,179 6,796 6,863 7,110
All Sectors 363,650 343,703 326,506 298,003 270,119 259,767 249,411 247,343 233,163 219,896 219,848 215,334
Average Retail Price (cents per kilowatthour)
Residential 11.26 10.65 10.4 9.45 8.95 8.72 8.44 8.58 8.24 8.16 8.26 8.43
Commercial 10.36 9.65 9.46 8.67 8.17 8.03 7.89 7.92 7.43 7.26 7.41 7.59
Industrial 6.83 6.39 6.16 5.73 5.25 5.11 4.88 5.05 4.64 4.43 4.48 4.53
Transportation 10.74 9.7 9.54 8.57 7.18 7.54 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Other NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.75 7.2 6.56 6.35 6.63 6.91
All Sectors 9.74 9.13 8.9 8.14 7.61 7.44 7.2 7.29 6.81 6.64 6.74 6.85
Revenue and Expense Statistics (million dollars)
Major Investor Owned
Utility Operating Revenues 298,962 278,499[R]  275,501[R]  265,652[R]  238,759[R]  230,151[R]  219,609[R]  267,276[R]  233,915[R]  213,090[R]  214,849[R]  209,022[R] 
Utility Operating Expenses 267,263 248,039[R]  245,589[R]  236,786[R]  206,960[R]  201,057[R]  189,062[R]  234,910[R]  210,250[R]  180,467[R]  183,954[R]  177,798[R] 
Net Utility Operating Income 31,699 30,460[R]  29,912[R]  28,866[R]  31,799[R]  29,094[R]  30,548[R]  32,366[R]  23,665[R]  32,623[R]  30,896[R]  31,225[R] 
Major Publicly Owned (with Generation Facilities)
Operating Revenues NA NA NA NA NA 33,906 32,776 38,028 31,843 26,767 26,155 25,397
Operating Expenses NA NA NA NA NA 29,637 28,638 32,789 26,244 21,274 20,880 20,425
Net Electric Operating Income NA NA NA NA NA 4,268 4,138 5,238 5,598 5,493 5,275 4,972
Major Publicly Owned (without Generation Facilities)
Operating Revenues NA NA NA NA NA 12,454 11,546 10,417 9,904 9,354 8,790 8,586
Operating Expenses NA NA NA NA NA 11,481 10,703 9,820 9,355 8,737 8,245 8,033
Net Electric Operating Income NA NA NA NA NA 974 843 597 549 617 545 552
Major Federally Owned
Operating Revenues NA NA NA NA NA 11,798 11,470 12,458 10,685 10,186 9,780 8,833
Operating Expenses NA NA NA NA NA 8,763 8,665 10,013 8,139 7,775 7,099 5,999
Net Electric Operating Income NA NA NA NA NA 3,035 2,805 2,445 2,546 2,411 2,681 2,834
Major Cooperative Borrower Owned
Operating Revenues 42,076 38,208 36,723 34,088 30,650 29,228 27,458 26,458 25,629 23,824 23,988 23,321
Operating Expenses 38,498 34,843 33,550 31,209 27,828 26,361 24,561 23,763 22,982 21,283 21,223 20,715
Net Electric Operating Income 3,578 3,365 3,173 2,879 2,822 2,867 2,897 2,696 2,647 2,541 2,764 2,606
Demand-Side Management (DSM) Data[18]
Actual Peak Load Reductions (megawatts)
Total Actual Peak Load Reduction 32,741 30,253[R]  27,240 25,710 23,532 22,904 22,936 24,955 22,901 26,455 27,231 25,284
DSM Energy Savings (thousand megawatthours)
Energy Efficiency 86,001 67,134 62,951 58,891 52,662 48,245 52,285 52,946 52,827 49,691 48,775 55,453
Load Management 1,824 1,857[R]  865 1,006 2,047 2,020 1,790 990 875 872 392 953
DSM Cost (million dollars)
Total Cost 3,720 2,523[R]  2,051 1,921 1,557 1,297 1,626 1,630 1,565 1,424 1,421 1,636
[1] Includes anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite coal.   Waste and synthetic coal are included starting in 2002.
[2] Distillate fuel oil (all diesel and No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils), residual fuel oil (No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils and bunker C fuel oil), jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke (converted to liquid petroleum, see Technical Notes for conversion methodology) and waste oil.
[3] Includes a small number of generators for which waste heat is the primary energy source.
[4] Blast furnace gas, propane gas, and other manufactured and waste gases derived from fossil fuels.
[5] Conventional hydroelectric power excluding pumped storage facilities.
[6] Other renewables represents the summation of the sub-categories of Wind, Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic, Wood and Wood Derived Fuels, Geothermal, and Other Biomass.
[7] Wood/wood waste solids (including paper pellets, railroad ties, utility poles, wood chips, bark, and wood waste solids), wood waste liquids (red liquor, sludge wood, spent sulfite liquor, and other wood-based liquids), and black liquor.
[8] Biogenic municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, other biomass solids, other biomass liquids, and other biomass gases (including digester gases, methane, and other biomass gases).
[9] Pumped storage is the capacity to generate electricity from water previously pumped to an elevated reservoir and then released through a conduit to turbine generators located at a lower level.  The generation from a hydroelectric pumped storage facility is the net value of production minus the energy used for pumping.
[10] Non-biogenic municipal solid waste, batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, tire-derived fuels and miscellaneous technologies.
[11] Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, other biomass solids, other biomass liquids, and other biomass gases (including digester gases, methane, and other biomass gases).
[12] Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, tire-derived fuels and miscellaneous technologies.
[13] Anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, and synthetic coal; excludes waste coal.
[14] Distillate fuel oil (all diesel and No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils), residual fuel oil (No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils and bunker C fuel oil), jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke (converted to liquid petroleum, see Technical Notes for conversion methodology).   Data prior to 2004 includes small quantities of waste oil.
[15] For 2002 through 2007, includes data from the Form EIA-423 for independent power producers, and commercial and industrial power-producing facilities. Beginning in 2008, data are collected on the Form EIA-923 for utilities, independent power producers, and commercial and industrial power-producing facilities. Receipts, cost, and quality data are collected from plants above a 50 MW threshold, and imputed for plants between 1 and 50 MW. Therefore, there may be a notable increase in fuel receipts beginning with 2008 data.
[16] Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately.
[17] SO2 and NOx 2008 values are preliminary.
[18] Data presented are reflective of large utilities.
  NA = Not available.  
  R = Revised.  
  Note: See Glossary reference for definitions. See Technical Notes Table A5 for conversion to different units of measure. Capacity by energy source is based on the capacity associated with the energy source reported as the most predominant (primary) one, where more than one energy source is associated with a generator. Dual-fired capacity returned to respective fuel categories for current and all historical years.  New fuel switchable capacity tables have replaced dual-fired breakouts. Totals may not equal sum of components because of indep
  Sources: U.S. Energy Information Administration Form EIA-411, "Coordinated Bulk Power Supply Program Report;" Form EIA-412, "Annual Electric Industry Financial Report" The Form EIA-412 was terminated in 2003; Form EIA-767, "Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report" was suspended; Form EIA-860, "Annual Electric Generator Report;" Form EIA-861, "Annual Electric Power Industry Report;" Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report" replaces several form(s) including: Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-920 "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report;" Form EIA-423, "Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report; and FERC Form 423, "Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants," and their predecessor forms.  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 1, "Annual Report of Major Utilities, Licensees and Others;" FERC Form 1-F, "Annual Report for Nonmajor Public Utilities and Licensees;" Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Form 7, "Operating Report;" RUS Form 12, "Operating Report;" Imports and Exports: DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Form OE-781R, " Annual Report of International Electric Export/Import Data," predecessor forms, and National Energy Board of Canada.  For 2001 forward, data from the California Independent System Operator are used in combination with the Form OE-781R values to estimate electricity trade with Mexico.

see also:
Electric Power Monthly
Electric Power Annual
annual electricity statistics back to 1949
projected electricity capacity to 2030
international electricity statistics