DOE/EIA-0620
Distribution Category UC-950
This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or of any other organization.
2. An Overview of Electricity Trade
Background
The Supply Side: Generation and Transmission
The Demand Side: Residential, Commercial, and Industrial User
The Wholesale Market: Trade and Price Issues
Emerging Issues
Conclusions
Introduction
An Overview of the Bulk Power Transmission System
Emergence of the Independent System Operator Concept
Status of ISO Proposals
Responsibilities of ISOs
Summary and Conclusion
Background
Treatment of Stranded Costs by States
Performance-Based Ratemaking (PBR)
Pilot Programs
Conclusion
Background
Congressional Initiatives
Administration Proposal
States' Perspectives on Federal Legislation
Stakeholders' Perspectives on Federal Legislation
State Initiatives
A. Selected Provisions of The Energy Policy Act of 1992 and The Federal Power Act
B. Average Revenue per Kilowatthour by Sector, 1988-1996
C. Data on Electric Trade Data in the United States, 1996
D. Fundamentals of Electric Power Transmission and Integrating Nonutility Generators
E. Treatment of Stranded Costs in States as of April 30, 1998
F. Electricity Restructuring Bills Introduced in the 105th Congress as of May 31, 1998
Tables
1. Major Characteristics of U.S. Electric Utilities by Type of Ownership
2. Composition of Generating Capability and Generation in the Electric Power Industry, 1996
3. Number of Retail Customers by Sector in the United States, 1990-1996
4. Retail Sales, Revenue, and Average Price Paid by End-User Sector, 1990-1996
5. End-User Sector Shares and Annual Growth Rates, 1990-1996
6. Average Retail Electricity Prices by End-Use Sector, 1990-1996
7. Retail Sales, Revenue, and Price by Requirement, Partial Requirement, and Non-Requirement Utilities, 1990-1996
8. Market Share of Wholesale Trade, Various Years
9. Sales for Resale and Purchases by Investor-Owned Electric Utilities, 1990-1996
10. Cost of Firm and Non-Firm Purchases by Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
11. Revenue from Firm and Non-Firm Sales for Resale by Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
12. Average Price of Electricity for Wholesale Trade by Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
13. Average Wholesale Price for From and To Trade by Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
14. Electricity Purchases and Sales by Federal Utilities, Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 1995
15. Summary Information on Approved and Planned Independent System Operators as of March 31, 1998
16. Major Categories of Information on the Open Access Same-Time Information System (OASIS)
17. Treatment of Stranded Costs by States as of April 30, 1998: A Summary
18. Retail Pilot Programs as of April 30, 1998
19. Proposed Legislation Influencing the Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry During the 105th Congress as of May 31, 1998
Figures
1. Composition of the Electric Power Industry in the United States, 1996
2. Net Generation by Different Classes of Utilities, Average of Selected Years, 1990-1996
3. Nonutility Generation Purchased by the Utility Sector, Average of Selected Years, 1990-1996
4. North American Electric Grids, North American Reliability Council (NERC) Regions, and Transmission Lines
5. Sales to Ultimate Consumers by Class of Utility, Average of Selected Years, 1990-1996
6. Wholesale Power—Basic Elements
7. Exchange, Wheeling, and Losses by U.S. Electric Utilities, 1990-1996
8. Purchases, Sales for Resale, Net Generation, and Sales to Consumers by the U.S. Electric Power Industry, 1990-1996
9. Market Share of Purchased Power by Utility Sector, Average of Selected Years, 1990-1996
10. Sales to Resale Market Share by Utility Sector, Average of Selected Years, 1990-1996
11. Conceptualization of Premium Payments in Electricity Trade
12. Percent Distribution of Net Electric Utility Plant Investment, 1996
13. Independent System Operators in Operation, Proposed, or Under Discussion as of March 31, 1998
14. Overview of an Independent System Operator’s Responsibilities
15. Distribution of Operation and Maintenance Expenses for Investor-Owned Utilities, 1996
16. Example of the Effect of Parallel Path Flows on the Contract Path Pricing Method
17. Example of the Pancake Effect of the Contract Path Pricing Method
18. Example of Congestion Charges and Fixed Transmission Rights
19. Organizational Structure for Electric System Reliability
20. Overview Concept of an OASIS Node
21. Groups with an Interest in Electric Industry Restructuring
22. States Which Have Issued Comprehensive Deregulation Orders and/or Enacted Restructuring Legislation as of June 1, 1998