3. 1997
Demonstrated Reserve Base
and Estimated Recoverable Reserves
Demonstrated
Reserve Base (Continued)
Table
10. Demonstrated Reserve Base of Coal by State and Rank, Potentially
Minable by Surface Methods, 1995, 1997
(Million Short Tons) |
| Coal
Producing State and Region |
Anthracite |
Bituminous |
Subbituminous |
Lignite |
Total |
| 1997 |
1995 |
1997 |
1995 |
1997 |
1995 |
1997 |
1995 |
1997 |
1995 |
| Alabama |
- |
0.0 |
2,173.3 |
2,190.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,083.0 |
1,083.0 |
3,256.3 |
3,273.1 |
| Alaska |
0.0 |
0.0 |
80.5 |
80.5 |
608.5 |
612.4 |
14.0 |
14.0 |
703.0 |
706.9 |
| Arizona |
0.0 |
0.0 |
59.3 |
87.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
59.3 |
87.3 |
| Arkansas |
15.5 |
15.5 |
103.6 |
103.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
25.4 |
25.4 |
144.4 |
144.5 |
| Colorado |
0.0 |
0.0 |
587.6 |
588.5 |
0.0 |
16.3 |
4,189.9 |
4,189.9 |
4,777.4 |
4,794.7 |
| Georgia |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.7 |
1.7 |
| Illinois |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16,608.4 |
16,174.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
16,608.4 |
16,174.7 |
| Indiana |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,056.7 |
1,118.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,056.7 |
1,118.1 |
| Iowa |
0.0 |
0.0 |
457.0 |
457.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
457.0 |
457.0 |
| Kansas |
0.0 |
0.0 |
975.0 |
975.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
975.0 |
975.6 |
| Kentucky
Total |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13,532.8 |
13,679.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13,532.8 |
13,679.8 |
| Kentucky,
Eastern |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9,839.3 |
9,959.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9,839.3 |
9,959.9 |
| Kentucky,
Western |
0.0 |
0.0 |
3,693.5 |
3,720.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
3,693.5 |
3,720.0 |
| Louisiana |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
462.7 |
471.3 |
462.7 |
471.3 |
| Maryland |
0.0 |
0.0 |
80.2 |
82.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
80.2 |
82.2 |
| Michigan |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
| Missouri |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4,514.9 |
4,516.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4,514.9 |
4,516.5 |
| Montana |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
32,958.3 |
33,054.1 |
15,759.8 |
15,760.5 |
48,718.2 |
48,814.6 |
| New
Mexico |
0.0 |
0.0 |
971.1 |
1,004.4 |
5,307.4 |
5,337.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6,278.6 |
6,341.4 |
| North
Dakota |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
9,395.0 |
9,470.0 |
9,395.0 |
9,470.0 |
| Ohio |
0.0 |
0.0 |
5,875.2 |
5,907.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
5,875.2 |
5,907.3 |
| Oklahoma |
0.0 |
0.0 |
338.0 |
342.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
338.0 |
342.2 |
| Oregon |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
| Pennsylvania
Total |
3,370.0 |
3,374.9 |
1,044.4 |
1,084.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4,414.4 |
4,459.6 |
| Anthracite |
3,370.0 |
3,374.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
3,370.0 |
3,374.9 |
| Bituminous |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,044.4 |
1,084.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,044.4 |
1,084.7 |
| South
Dakota |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
366.1 |
366.1 |
366.1 |
366.1 |
| Tennessee |
0.0 |
0.0 |
284.3 |
288.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
284.3 |
288.2 |
| Texas |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
12,931.0 |
13,064.9 |
12,931.0 |
13,064.9 |
| Utah |
0.0 |
0.0 |
267.9 |
267.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
267.9 |
267.9 |
| Virginia |
0.0 |
0.0 |
673.8 |
697.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
673.8 |
697.3 |
| Washington |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
49.3 |
60.6 |
8.1 |
8.1 |
57.4 |
68.7 |
| West
Virginia |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4,428.8 |
4,563.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
4,428.8 |
4,563.6 |
| Wyoming |
0.0 |
0.0 |
489.8 |
492.4 |
24,808.8 |
25,478.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
25,298.7 |
25,970.7 |
| Appalachian
Total |
3,370.0 |
3,374.9 |
24,401.1 |
24,775.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,083.0 |
1,083.0 |
28,854.0 |
29,232.8 |
| Interior
Total |
15.5 |
15.5 |
27,751.5 |
27,412.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13,419.0 |
13,561.6 |
41,186.0 |
40,989.4 |
| Western
Total |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2,456.2 |
2,521.0 |
63,735.4 |
64,561.7 |
29,732.8 |
29,808.5 |
95,924.5 |
96,891.1 |
| East
of the Mississippi |
3,370.0 |
3,374.9 |
45,764.1 |
45,792.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1,083.0 |
1,083.0 |
50,217.1 |
50,250.2 |
| West
of the Mississippi |
15.5 |
15.5 |
8,844.6 |
8,915.9 |
63,735.4 |
64,561.7 |
43,151.9 |
43,370.1 |
115,747.4 |
116,863.1 |
| U.S.
Total |
3,385.4 |
3,390.4 |
54,608.8 |
54,708.3 |
63,735.4 |
64,561.7 |
44,234.9 |
44,453.1 |
165,964.4 |
167,113.3 |
1
For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Table 13.
Note: Totals based on available
data. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent
rounding. Data are reported as of the first day of the year.
Sources: EIA Coal Reserves Data
Base program, State geological and mineral resource surveys, and other
geological reports. |
Table
11. EIA Sulfur Content Categories for Coal |
| Qualitative
Rating |
Pounds
of Sulfur per Million Btua |
Approximate
Range of Sulfur Content (percent)b |
Approximate
Correlation with
Sulfur Criteria for Coal |
| High-Grade
Bituminous |
High-Grade
Lignite |
| Low
Sulfur |
0.40 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
Exceeds 1971
NSPS Requirementsb |
| |
0.41-0.60 |
0.5-0.8 |
0.3-0.5 |
Meets 1971 NSPS
Requirementsb |
| Medium
Sulfur |
0.61-0.83 |
0.8-1.1 |
0.5-0.6 |
Fails 1971 NSPS;
marginally low-sulfur coal, may meet 1971 NSPS when blended |
| |
0.84-1.67 |
1.1-2.2 |
0.6-1.3 |
Fails 1971 NSPS;
would require use of emission reduction technologies on new-source
boilers |
| High
Sulfur |
1.68-2.50
> 2.50
|
2.2-3.3
> 3.3
|
1.3-1.9
> 1.9
|
Coals used primarily
in pre-regulation boilers, such as units affected by Phase I of CAAA90.
Units using high-sulfur coals either have or will install scrubbers,
may be able to offset emissions with allowances, or may be operated
at reduced capacity and/or eventually replaced. |
aAs-received
basis.
bPercent sulfur content by weight, as-received
basis.
Notes:NSPS Requirements refers
to New Source Performance Standards authorized under the Clean Air
Act Amendments of 1970 and issued in 1971 by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NSPS affected new or modified
electric utility units of more than 73 megawatts capacity and required
that average emissions not exceed 1.2 pounds of SO2 per
million Btu of heat input. To ensure compliance, the NSPS relied on
"command and control" regulations, which specified abatement technologies
and imposed fines and penalties. In 1979, the EPA issued Revised
NSPS, required under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
The revised standards applied more broadly and imposed additional
mitigation requirements on new source utility plants, but 1.2 pounds
of SO2 per million Btu remained as the key criterion for
coal. This "compliance coal" standard is still in effect, although
it has been eclipsed somewhat by the CAAA90, which established more
flexible, market-based compliance mechanisms. CAAA90
refers to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, under which EPA set
up a market to trade in emission "allowances," one for each ton of
SO2. Under CAAA90, a national limit of 8.95 million allowances
will take effect in 2000 for annual SO2 emissions from
existing and future electric utility units of more than 25 megawatts.
Utilities may choose to meet national limits by buying allowances;
by reducing emissions through fuel switching, coal cleaning, flue
gas desulfurization (scrubbing), or advanced utilization technologies;
and by offsetting high-emission units via increased use of low-emission
units or purchase of unused allowances from utilities that have reduced
their SO2 emissions. Phase I (1995-1999)
is the period by which 261 units, identified in CAAA90 as the largest
electric utility sources of SO2 and nitrous oxide emissions,
were required to meet interim emission levels. The 261 are older units
that previously had not been required to reduce SO2 output.
Phase II, beginning in 2000, will further tighten
annual emission limits for the 261 units as well as set restrictions
for virtually all new units, both utility and nonutility, of 25 megawatts
or greater.
Source: Energy Information Administration,
Acid Rain Compliance Strategies for the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1990, DOE/EIA-0582 (Washington, DC, March 1994), pp. ix-3. |
Chapter
3: Page1 | Page
2 | Page 3 | Page
5
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