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Table 49. Underground Coal Mining Productivity by State, 1991, 1996-2000
(Short Tons of Coal Produced per Employee/Miner per Hour)

Coal-Producing State and Region 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1991 Percent Change 1999-2000 Average Annual Percent Change
1996-2000 1991-2000
Alabama 2.68 2.09 2.16 2.21 1.95 1.90 28.1 8.3 3.8
Colorado 7.84 8.13 7.73 7.44 6.67 4.23 -3.6 4.1 7.1
Illinois 4.30 4.29 4.20 4.07 4.10 2.88 .2 1.2 4.5
Indiana 3.28 3.44 3.63 3.74 3.09 2.97 -4.8 1.5 1.1
Kentucky Total 3.51 3.55 3.51 3.64 3.53 2.71 -1.1 -.2 2.9
  Eastern 3.32 3.32 3.36 3.47 3.37 2.66 * -.4 2.5
  Western 4.20 4.36 3.97 4.15 4.05 2.86 -3.6 .9 4.4
Maryland 4.76 5.22 5.18 5.17 4.82 3.73 -8.7 -.3 2.7
Montana - - - - 3.50 - - - -
New Mexico - 2.10 4.01 - - .71 -100.0 - -
Ohio 3.45 3.02 3.48 4.18 4.19 2.55 14.2 -4.7 3.4
Oklahoma 2.52 1.50 2.18 2.32 1.75 .52 68.5 9.5 19.2
Pennsylvania Total 4.97 4.31 4.22 4.05 3.74 2.38 15.4 7.4 8.5
  Anthracite .63 .65 .95 1.03 .94 .51 -3.4 -9.5 2.3
  Bituminous 5.12 4.43 4.30 4.13 3.81 2.40 15.5 7.7 8.8
Tennessee 2.80 2.50 2.39 1.83 1.76 1.72 11.9 12.3 5.5
Utah 7.68 7.15 6.22 6.34 7.24 4.80 7.3 1.5 5.4
Virginia 3.12 2.87 2.64 2.56 2.44 2.12 8.4 6.3 4.4
West Virginia Total 4.30 4.31 4.29 4.03 3.50 2.83 -.2 5.3 4.8
  Northern 4.58 4.58 4.69 4.35 3.98 2.80 -.1 3.6 5.6
  Southern 4.18 4.19 4.12 3.90 3.29 2.84 -.3 6.2 4.4
Wyoming 11.61 10.29 9.14 10.13 9.18 4.17 12.8 6.0 12.1
Appalachian Total1 3.85 3.64 3.62 3.55 3.24 2.54 5.7 4.4 4.8
Interior Total1 4.16 4.23 4.06 4.07 4.01 2.87 -1.7 .9 4.2
Western Total1 7.81 7.58 6.84 6.88 7.09 4.56 3.1 2.4 6.2
East of Miss. River 3.90 3.74 3.69 3.63 3.36 2.59 4.2 3.8 4.6
West of Miss. River 7.73 7.45 6.76 6.82 7.03 4.53 3.7 2.4 6.1
U.S. Total 4.17 3.99 3.90 3.83 3.57 2.69 4.4 3.9 5.0


1/ For a definition of coal-producing regions, see Appendix C.
* Data round to zero.
       Notes: Productivity is calculated by dividing total coal production by the total direct labor hours worked by all employees engaged in production, preparation, processing, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work at mining operations, including office workers for 1998 forward.  For 1997 and prior years, includes mining operations management and all technical and engineering personnel, excluding office workers.  Excludes silt, culm, refuse bank, slurry dam, and dredge operations except for Pennsylvania anthracite.  Excludes mines producing less than 10,000 short tons, which are not required to provide data.
       Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-7A, "Coal Production Report"; State Mining Agency Coal Production Reports; and/or U.S.  Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Form 7000-2, "Quarterly Mine Employment and Coal Production Report."