Alone among the former Soviet republics, the Baltic Sea region states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were quick to adopt market economies and to implement democratic reforms. As a result, they largely have avoided the economic and political crises that have beset other regions in transition from centrally planned economies, including the Balkan region and southeastern Europe. Privatization in the Baltics is nearly complete, and in 2005, despite the continuing slowdown in the global economy, the three countries posted an average 9.2 percent increase in their real gross domestic product (GDP).

With a combined population of only 7.2 million people, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have achieved greater presence in the international community by joining forces in a number of political and economic arenas. In 2004, after years of preparations, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as well as the European Union (EU). Originally planned for 2007, adoption of the common European currency has been delayed until 2009, as all three Baltic states’ average inflation levels remain above the Maastricht inflation criterion.